基于PM2.5与PM10比值的吉林省空气污染分析

对吉林省重点城市2015年~2018年大气日均值PM2.5/PM10数据进行处理,从空气中细颗粒物的比例角度评价吉林省的空气污染情况。经过分析得出结论即吉林省2015年~2018年空气质量明显好转,特别是2018年。中度及以上污染天气污染程度下降显著。月份中10、11、12月份污染下降明显。城市中松原市污染较轻。     

电子束烟气脱硫技术工业示范工程进展

处理成都电厂２００ＭＷ机组锅炉的３０万Ｎｍ３／ｈ烟气。它是目前世界上已投入运行的处理烟气量最大的电子束脱硫装置。其脱硫率及脱硝率均超过８０％及１０％的设计值,各项运行消耗指标均低于设计值。处理过程为干法,无废水废渣,副产品硫（硝）铵可用作化肥。该装置的自动化程度较高,操作简便,对烟气ＳＯ２浓度及烟气量的变化有较好的适应性和负荷跟踪性。烟气中残氨浓度及周围的辐射剂量低于国家标准的规定。     

海河渤海湾地区沉积物、鱼体样品中多溴联苯醚的水平与分布

从海河、渤海湾水域内采集了沉积物和鱼体(鲫鱼)样品.采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)方法测定了样品中的多溴联苯醚(PBDEs).结果表明,沉积物(以干重计)和鱼体(以干重计)中PBDEs的检出水平分别为0.35～5.53、6.81～35.50 ng/g,其中相对含量较高的PBDEs单体为BDE-28和BDE-47.鱼体内脏组织中PBDEs的检出水平较肌肉组织中的PBDEs要高,表明其更容易富集PBDEs.     

滨河湿地对农业非点源氮污染控制研究进展

氮素是农业径流最重要、最普遍的水体污染物。滨河湿地因受到陆地生境和水生生境双重影响而显得非常独特,作为重要的陆地和水生环境的生态交错带,滨河湿地能够阻断和改变水运污染物,特别是农业径流中的氮排入临近的小溪和河流。植物吸收和反硝化作用是滨河湿地两种最重要的截留和缓解氮负荷的有效途径,氮素可以通过生物转化、植物吸收、微生物暂时固氮等方式去除,但是永久性的去除氮却是通过反硝化过程来完成的。为了系统认识和了解滨河湿地生态系统对农业非点源氮污染控制过程,通过大量文献分析讨论了滨河湿地对农业非点源氮的净化能力、净化机制及其影响因素,并结合我国研究现状展望了该领域的研究前景。滨河湿地对农业非点源氮污染的控制作用研究将成为滨河湿地生态系统服务功能评价、滨河湿地生态系统健康与稳定的诊断和退化滨河湿地生态系统修复的重要基础理论。     

Hg Reactions in the Presence of Chlorine Species: Homogeneous Gas Phase and Heterogeneous Gas-Solid Phase

Abstract

The kinetics of Hg chlorination (with HCl) was studied using a flow reactor system with an online Hg analyzer, and speciation sampling using a set of impingers. Kinetic parameters, such as reaction order (α), overall rate constant (k′ ), and activation energy (E _a), were estimated based on the simple overall reaction pathway. The reaction order with respect to C _Hg, k′, and E _a were found to be 1.55, 5.07 x 10^-2exp(-1939.68/T) [(μg/m³)^-0.55(s)^-1], and 16.13 [kJ/mol], respectively. The effect of chlorine species (HCl, CH₂Cl₂) on the in situ Hg capture method previously de-veloped²⁸ was also investigated. The efficiency of capture of Hg by this in situ method was higher than 98% in the presence of chlorine species. Furthermore, under certain conditions, the presence of chlorine enhanced the removal of elemental Hg by additional gas-phase oxidation.     

Spatial analysis of volatile organic compounds in South Philadelphia using passive samplers

Select volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in the vicinity of a petroleum refinery and related operations in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, using passive air sampling and laboratory analysis methods. Two-week, time-integrated samplers were deployed at 17 sites, which were aggregated into five site groups of varying distances from the refinery. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX) and styrene concentrations were higher near the refinery’s fenceline than for groups at the refinery’s south edge, mid-distance, and farther removed locations. The near fenceline group was significantly higher than the refinery’s north edge group for benzene and toluene but not for ethylbenzene or xylene isomers; styrene was lower at the near fenceline group versus the north edge group. For BTEX and styrene, the magnitude of estimated differences generally increased when proceeding through groups ever farther away from the petroleum refining. Perchloroethylene results were not suggestive of an influence from refining. These results suggest that emissions from the refinery complex contribute to higher concentrations of BTEX species and styrene in the vicinity of the plant, with this influence declining as distance from the petroleum refining increases.

Implications: Passive sampling methodology for VOCs as discussed here is employed in recently enacted U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Methods 325A/B for determination of benzene concentrations at refinery fenceline locations. Spatial gradients of VOC concentration near the refinery fenceline were discerned in an area containing traffic and other VOC-related sources. Though limited, these findings can be useful in application of the method at such facilities to ascertain source influence.     

输煤皮带转载点密闭罩流场模拟与结构优化

为了研究输煤皮带转载点密闭罩内流场对吸尘效果的影响,采用Fluent软件对某转载点密闭罩内气固两相流动情况进行了数值模拟。通过气流分布和煤尘浓度分布的分析,发现溜槽转折处较大的气流偏转会增加煤尘起尘量和导致局部煤尘积聚,吸尘罩的开口角度对吸尘效果也有较大影响。为了疏导气流并加强吸尘效果,提出了溜槽转折处和吸尘罩的结构优化设计方案。研究表明,改进后气流分布更加均匀,吸尘效果有所提高,从而为转载点密闭罩的优化设计提供了参考。     

大别山北坡典型区域暴雨洪涝风险评价研究——-以安徽省六安市为例

从暴雨洪涝的形成机制入手,考虑致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性和防灾减灾能力等4个因子的综合作用,针对安徽省六安市实际,构建了暴雨洪涝风险评价指标体系。借助ArcGIS 100强大的空间分析功能,以30 m×30 m栅格为评价基本单元,在4个因子空间分布图的基础上,依据层次分析法确定的权重,进行因子叠加分析,得到了暴雨洪涝风险综合评价结果和等级图。结果表明,六安市暴雨洪涝风险明显分为西南、东北两部分,西南大别山地区整体风险水平低于东北部。从县域来看,六安市城区、寿县整体风险水平最高。从自然区域来说,高风险区主要分布在河流沿线、湖泊周边和圩畈区。初步验证表明,风险评价结果符合实际情况,具有较好应用价值     

滤料负载粉尘层对气态汞脱除性能的实验研究

通过不同性能纤维滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层,来模拟袋式除尘器滤袋表面粉尘附着层,进而研究袋滤器用不同性能纤维滤料和粉尘附着层对燃煤烟气中Hg0的联合脱除性能。在固定床实验系统上分别进行了不同纤维滤料和燃煤飞灰粉尘层,以及经实验优选得到的华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层脱除燃煤烟气中Hg0的实验研究。结果表明,燃煤飞灰粉尘层和华博特滤料对Hg0分别有一定的脱除作用,脱除效率可达35%和42.5%,它们对Hg0的脱除是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果;同时,华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层对Hg0的联合脱除效率受到吸附反应温度、入口汞浓度和烟气停留时间等因素的影响,最佳脱汞率可达64.4%;吸附反应温度越高,脱除效率越低;烟气停留时间越大,脱除效率越高;入口汞浓度的提高并不一定提高华博特滤料负载飞灰粉尘层的脱汞效果。     

A real-time monitoring and assessment method for calculation of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted in subway stations

Subway systems are considered as main public transportation facility in developed countries. Time spent by people in indoors, such as underground spaces, subway stations, and indoor buildings, has gradually increased in the recent past. Especially, operators or old persons who stay in indoor environments more than 15 hr per day usually influenced a greater extent by indoor air pollutants. Hence, regulations on indoor air pollutants are needed to ensure good health of people. Therefore, in this study, a new cumulative calculation method for the estimation of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted inside the subway station is proposed by taking cumulative amounts of indoor air pollutants based on integration concept. Minimum concentration of individual air pollutants which naturally exist in indoor space is referred as base concentration of air pollutants and can be found from the data collected. After subtracting the value of base concentration from data point of each data set of indoor air pollutant, the primary quantity of emitted air pollutant is calculated. After integration is carried out with these values, adding the base concentration to the integration quantity gives the total amount of indoor air pollutant emitted. Moreover the values of new index for cumulative indoor air quality obtained for 1 day are calculated using the values of cumulative air quality index (CAI). Cumulative comprehensive indoor air quality index (CCIAI) is also proposed to compare the values of cumulative concentrations of indoor air pollutants. From the results, it is clear that the cumulative assessment approach of indoor air quality (IAQ) is useful for monitoring the values of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted, in case of exposure to indoor air pollutants for a long time. Also, the values of CCIAI are influenced more by the values of concentration of NO2, which is released due to the use of air conditioners and combustion of the fuel. The results obtained in this study confirm that the proposed method can be applied to monitor total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted, inside apartments and hospitals as well. Implications: Nowadays, subway systems are considered as main public transportation facility in developed countries. Time spent by people in indoors, such as underground spaces, subway stations, and indoor buildings, has gradually increased in the recent past. Especially, operators or old persons who stay in the indoor environments more than 15 hr per day usually influenced a greater extent by indoor air pollutants. Hence, regulations on indoor air pollutants are needed to ensure good health of people. Therefore, this paper presents a new methodology for monitoring and assessing total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted inside underground spaces and subway stations. A new methodology for the calculation of cumulative amounts of indoor air pollutants based on integration concept is proposed. The results suggest that the cumulative assessment approach of IAQ is useful for monitoring the values of total amounts of indoor air pollutants, if indoor air pollutants accumulated for a long time, especially NO2 pollutants. The results obtained here confirm that the proposed method can be applied to monitor total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted, inside apartments and hospitals as well.