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71.
Sustainability science is a rapidly expanding field, particularly given the current ecological crises facing many parts of the globe today. To generate a snapshot of the state of sustainability science, we analyzed the current status of sustainability research using citation and text analysis. By reflecting social needs on sustainability science and the increasing number of publications in this field, the landscape is expected to change during the last decade. Our results indicate that previously separated research clusters investigating discipline-focused issues are becoming integrated into those studying coupled systems. We also found the existence of hub clusters bridging different clusters like socio-ecological systems and transition management. We also observed a variety of other emerging research clusters, especially in energy issues, technologies, and systems. Overall, our analysis suggests that sustainability science is a rapidly expanding and diversifying field, which has affected many disparate scientific disciplines and has the potential to feed scientific understanding on socio-ecological systems and to drive society toward transition for sustainability. 相似文献
72.
73.
K. Yamaguchi 《Marine Biology》1998,132(4):651-661
The mobility of Anomia chinensis Philippi was studied in relation to its byssal development stage. This species shows high mobility even after it begins cementation
in its post-larval stage. Juveniles develop a calcified byssus in the post-larval stage and cement to substrata. However,
juveniles up to about 10 mm in shell length can relocate by repeating a sequence of formation of the calcified byssus, abandonment
of it, locomotion by crawling, reattachment, and recementation. Juvenile anomiids up to 25 mm in shell length also can move,
without breaking their byssal attachments, by shifting the center of byssal calcification dorsally. Even an adult can change
its orientation by forming a twisted byssus. These possible methods of movement are closely related to five stages of byssal
development. Anomiids can use this mobility to seek a preferable position for attachment after initial cementation, or to
adjust their orientation, and thus promote higher survivorship.
Received: 18 August 1997 / Accepted: 19 July 1998 相似文献
74.
Irrigation system and land use effect on surface water quality in river, at lake Dianchi, Yunnan, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takashi Tanak Takahiro Sato Kazuo Watanabe Ying Wang Dan Yang Hiromo Inoue Kunzhi Li Tatsuya Inamura 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(6):1107-1116
The surface water samples were collected in river Dahe and its tributaries, which flow into severely eutrophic lake Dianchi, Yunnan Province, China, in order to elucidate factors controlling water quality fluctuations. The temporal and spatial distribution of water quality tendency was observed. The water quality of each river is dependent on the hydrology effect such water gate and circulating irrigation system. We must consider the hydrology effect to accurately understand water quality variations of river in this study field. In river without highly circulating irrigation system or water gate effect, the downstream nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration increase occurred in area dominated by open field cultivation, whereas the NO3-N concentration was constant or decreased in area dominated by greenhouse land use. This result suggests that greenhouse covers the soil from precipitation, and nitrate load of greenhouse could be less than that of open field cultivation while the rainfall event. In the upper reaches of river, where is dominated by open field cultivation, there were no sharp increase dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus concentration, but P load was accumulated in the lower reaches of river, whose predominant land use is greenhouse. Although the P sources is unclear in this study, greenhouse area may have potential of P loads due to its high P content in greenhouse soil. Considering hydrology effect is necessary to determine what the major factor is influencing the water quality variation, especially in area with highly complicated irrigation system in this studying site. 相似文献
75.
Disaster recovery is a dynamic process of creating, maintaining, and changing the meaningful context of survivors. It is completed when they redevelop their self‐reliance and resume managing their social relations with a sense of community. This study employed action research to examine how researchers and survivors collaborated to change disaster recovery through the generative power of metaphor in a small village in Japan that experienced the Niigata–Chuetsu earthquake on 23 October 2004. It outlines long‐term collaborative practices as survivors undertook new activities owing to the power of the metaphor of ‘school’. Once ‘school’ was adopted as the metaphor for where survivors learnt new skills and passed on traditional knowledge, they created new metaphors and performed new activities independently, which is critical for recovery as it demonstrates self‐reliance. The paper assesses the reasons why generative metaphors worked effectively in this case and highlights some academic and practical implications for disaster recovery. 相似文献
76.
M. Yamaguchi 《Marine Biology》1975,29(3):253-259
Experimental cultivations of post-metamorphosis juveniles were repeated in different seasons for Ciona intestinalis (L.) and Styela plicata (Lesueur) (simple ascidians) as well as for Leptolinum mitsukurii (Oka) and Botrylloides violaceus Oka (compound ascidians) at Aburatsubo-Moroiso Inlet near Misaki Biological Station (Japan). Growth in body length of simple ascidians was exponential during juvenile development up to near sexual maturity. C. intestinalis grew to sexual maturity in 1 month in summer and in 2 months in winter; S. plicata, in 2 months in summer and in nearly 5 months in winter. The doubling time decreased approximately twofold in the two simple ascidians with a 10C° increase in environmental temperature. Growth of colonies in compound ascidians was exponential after maturation of the first functional zooids. Sexual reproduction of L. mitsukurii and B. violaceus was continuous throughout the year, forming many generations in a year. Doubling time of colony growth in the two compound ascidians decreased approximately threefold with a 10C° increase in temperature. 相似文献
77.
78.
Shigeto Yamaguchi 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1954,41(24):580-581
79.
Effects of Nitrogen Supply on the Sensitivity to O3 of Growth and Photosynthesis of Japanese Beech (Fagus crenata) Seedlings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masahiro Yamaguchi Makoto Watanabe Naoki Matsuo Junichi Naba Ryo Funada Motohiro Fukami Hideyuki Matsumura Yoshihisa Kohno Takeshi Izuta 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):131-136
To obtain basic information for evaluating critical levels of O3 under different nitrogen loads for protecting Japanese beech forests, two-year-old seedlings of Fagus crenata Blume were grown in potted andisol supplied with N as NH4NO3 solution at 0, 20 or 50 kg ha−1 year−1 and exposed to charcoal-filtered air or O3 at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the ambient concentration from 16 April to 22 September 2004. The O3 induced significant reductions in the whole-plant dry mass, net photosynthetic rate at 380 μmol mol−1 CO2 (A
380), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and concentrations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and total soluble protein (TSP) in the leaves.
The concentrations of Rubisco and TSP were negatively correlated with the concentration of leaf acidic amino acid, suggesting
that O3 enhanced the degradation of protein such as Rubisco. The N supply to the soil did not significantly change the whole-plant
dry mass and A
380, whereas it significantly increased the CE and concentrations of Rubisco and total amino acid. No significant interactive effects of O3 and N supply to the soil were detected on the growth, photosynthetic parameters and concentrations of protein and amino acid
in the leaves. In conclusion, N supply to the soil at ≤50 kg ha−1 year−1 does not significantly change the sensitivity to O3 of growth and net photosynthesis of Fagus crenata seedlings. 相似文献
80.
Koji Tokimatsu Rintaro Yamaguchi Masayuki Sato Rieko Yasuoka Masahiro Nishio Kazuhiro Ueta 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(4):703-725
Theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted on the genuine saving (GS) based on neoclassical economic theory to
assess sustainable development (SD). However, only market prices and statistical national accounts have been used in empirical
studies due to limited data availability. The data availability limits to measure GS only in the past and current, causing a wide gap with theoretical results. In this paper, we propose computing GS using an integrated assessment model
(IAM) as connected to the mainframe model of macroeconomy. This enables us to use shadow prices, rather than market prices,
obtained through an IAM, which ensures substantial consistency among variables. An example would be endogenous capital–output
ratio and the rate of TFP. Also, our indicator of GS is more comprehensive in that they now account for various resources,
environmental degradation, and land use. Our simulation results, with a particular focus on GS with population change (GSn)
and with technological change as well (GSnt), show a sustainable future for up to the end of the century thanks to declining
population in the latter half of the century and technological progress, although GS without accounting for population and
technology tend to be negative, driven by, among others, capital depreciation and net primary productivity degraded by land
use. 相似文献