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171.
Shin-ichi Sakai Hideto Yoshida Jiro Hiratsuka Carlo Vandecasteele Regina Kohlmeyer Vera Susanne Rotter Fabrizio Passarini Alessandro Santini Maria Peeler Jinhui Li Gil-Jong Oh Ngo Kim Chi Lawin Bastian Stephen Moore Natsuko Kajiwara Hidetaka Takigami Takaaki Itai Shin Takahashi Shinsuke Tanabe Keijiro Tomoda Takashi Hirakawa Yasuhiro Hirai Misuzu Asari Junya Yano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(1):1-20
End-of-life vehicles (ELV) have become a global concern as automobiles have become popular worldwide. An international workshop was held to gather data and to discuss 3R policies and ELV recycling systems, their background and present situation, outcomes of related policies and programs, the framework of recycling and waste management, and case studies on related topics in several countries and regions, as well as the essential points of the comparison. Legislative ELV recycling systems are established in the EU, Japan, Korea, and China, while in the US, ELV recycling is managed under existing laws on environmental protection. Since automobile shredding residue (ASR) has a high calorific value and ash content, and includes heavy metals as well as a mass of unclassified fine particles, recycling ASR is considered highly difficult. Countries with a legislative ELV system commonly set a target for recovery rates, with many aiming for more than 95 % recovery. In order to reach this target, higher efficiency in ASR recovery is needed, in addition to material recycling of collectable components and metals. Environmentally friendly design was considered necessary at the planning and manufacturing stages, and the development of recycling systems and techniques in line with these changes are required for sound ELV management. 相似文献
172.
Agusa T Kunito T Iwata H Monirith I Chamnan C Tana TS Subramanian A Tanabe S 《Chemosphere》2007,68(3):590-596
High concentration of mercury (Hg) in hair has been reported for Cambodians. To confirm the Hg contamination occurring through intake, Hg concentrations were determined in both hair and blood of residents (n=20) from Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Mercury concentrations in the hair and blood were 0.69-190microg g(-1) dry wt and 5.2-58microg l(-1), respectively, which were lower than those from Hg contaminated or high fish intake regions, but were higher than those from non-contaminated regions. Some female subjects had hair and blood Hg levels exceeding the threshold values for neurotoxic effects. Interestingly, serum estrone and estradiol levels were positively correlated with blood Hg level for both males and females, indicating possible induction of female hormones by Hg exposure in Cambodians. 相似文献
173.
Nitrous oxide emission from polyculture constructed wetlands: effect of plant species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wang Y Inamori R Kong H Xu K Inamori Y Kondo T Zhang J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(2):351-360
Loss of nitrogen from the soil-plant system has raised environmental concern. This study assessed the fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs). To better understand the mechanism of N2O emission, spatial distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in four kinds of wetlands soil were compared. N2O emission data showed large temporal and spatial variation ranging from -5.5 to 32.7 mg N2O m(-2) d(-1). The highest N2O emission occurred in the cell planted with Phragmites australis and Zizania latifolia. Whereas, the lower emission rate were obtained in the cell planted with P. australis and Typha latifolia. These revealed that Z. latifolia stimulated the N2O emission. Transportation of more organic matter and oxygen for AOB growth may be the reason. The study of AOB also supported this result, indicating that the root structure of Z. latifolia was favored by AOB for N2O formation. 相似文献
174.
Evaluation of pressurized liquid extraction for the analysis of four pesticides in unpolished rice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Otake T Aoyagi Y Matsuo M Itoh N Yarita T 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(5):390-394
The aim of to evaluate efficiency of this study was extraction pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for the analysis of four pesticides, fthalide, etofenprox, fenitrothion, and isoprothiolane, in unpolished rice by comparing with homogenization as a reference technique. The concentrations of four selected pesticides obtained by PLE with acetonitrile at 130 degrees C for 10 min x 2 cycles were comparable to those by homogenization with water-soaking. The repeatability of the analysis, represented as relative standard deviations (RSDs), were 1.4-3.6% (n = 3) for PLE at 130 degrees C and 1.2-3.8% (n = 3) for homogenization with water-soaking. Recovery yields of surrogates were 75-88% and 87-109% for PLE at 130 degrees C and homogenization with water-soaking, respectively, and these were satisfactory according to the method of positive list. This study suggested that PLE can be applied for the analysis of selected four pesticides in unpolished rice as well as homogenization with water-soaking. 相似文献
175.
The electrolysis of some chlorinated organic compounds such as chloroacetic acids, chloromethanes and chloroethenes were carried out on a photo-irradiated n-TiO(2) electrode applied a constant potential, 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, and the alternated pulse potentials of +1.0 V and various negative potentials, -1.0, -1.2 and -1.4V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1 mol dm(-3) Na(2)SO(4) solutions saturated with oxygen or with nitrogen. These compounds were degraded on the n-TiO(2) electrode by the photo-electrolysis and mineralized to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and chloride ion. When the alternated pulse potentials were applied, the mineralization yields were increased for these compounds, especially for trichloroacetic acid and carbon tetrachloride, both of which were comparatively stable to the degradation in the constant potential electrolysis. The presence of oxygen in the solution was effective for the mineralization of these compounds, while little effective for that of trichloroacetic acid and of carbon tetrachloride. 相似文献
176.
Putri Anissa Ratna Fujimori Takashi Takaoka Masaki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(4):2140-2149
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In Jakarta, Indonesia, municipalities collect plastic mixed with other waste, scavengers recover plastic waste by picking through waste, and some... 相似文献
177.
A novel cell division factor from tobacco 2B-13 cells that induced cell division in auxin-starved tobacco BY-2 cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shimizu T Eguchi K Nishida I Laukens K Witters E Van Onckelen H Nagata T 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2006,93(6):278-285
Effects of auxin as plant hormones are widespread; in fact in almost all aspects of plant growth and development auxin plays
a pivotal role. Although auxin is required for propagating cell division in plant cells, its effect upon cell division is
least understood. If auxin is depleted from the culture medium, cultured cells cease to divide. It has been demonstrated in
this context that the addition of auxin to auxin-starved nondividing tobacco BY-2 cells induced semisynchronous cell division.
On the other hand, there are some cell lines, named habituated cells, that can grow without auxin. The cause and reason for
the habituated cells have not been clarified. A habituated cell line named 2B-13 is derived from the tobacco BY-2 cell line,
which has been most intensively studied among plant cell lines. When we tried to find the difference between two cell lines
of BY-2 and 2B-13 cells, we found that the addition of culture filtrated from the auxin-habituated 2B-13 cells induced semisynchronous
cell division in auxin-starved BY-2 cells. The cell division factor (CDF) that is responsible for inducing cell division in
auxin-starved BY-2 cells was purified to near-homogeneity by sequential passage through a hydroxyapatite column, a ConA Sepharose
column and a Sephadex gel filtration column. The resulting purified fraction appeared as a single band of high molecular weight
on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels by silver staining and was able to induce cell division
in auxin-starved BY-2 cells. Identification of the protein by MALD-TOF-MS/MS revealed that it is structurally related to P-glycoprotein
from Gossypioides kirkii, which belongs to ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporters. The significance of CDF as a possible ABC-transporter is discussed
in relationship to auxin–autotrophic growth and auxin-signaling pathway. 相似文献
178.
Contamination by arsenic and other trace elements in tube-well water and its risk assessment to humans in Hanoi, Vietnam 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Agusa T Kunito T Fujihara J Kubota R Minh TB Kim Trang PT Iwata H Subramanian A Viet PH Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,139(1):95-106
Concentrations of As and other trace elements and their association were examined in groundwater (n = 25) and human hair (n = 59) collected at Gia Lam District and Thanh Tri District, suburban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam, in September 2001. Concentrations of As in the groundwater ranged from <0.10 to 330 microg/l, with about 40% of these exceeding WHO drinking water guideline of 10 microg/l. Also, 76% and 12% of groundwater samples had higher concentrations of Mn and Ba than WHO drinking water guidelines, respectively. Arsenic concentrations in hair of residents in Gia Lam and Thanh Tri Districts (range 0.088-2.77 microg/g dry wt.) were lower than those in other As-contaminated areas of the world, but were higher than those of people in non-contaminated areas. Concentrations of As and Mn in hair of some individuals from the Gia Lam and Thanh Tri Districts exceeded the level associated with their toxicity and, therefore, a potential health risk of As and Mn is a concern for the people consuming the contaminated water in this area. Cumulative As exposure was estimated to be lower than the threshold levels at the present, which might explain the absence of manifestations of chronic As poisoning and arsenicosis in the residents of Gia Lam and Thanh Tri Districts. To our knowledge, this study revealed for the first time that the residents are exposed not only to As but also Mn and Ba from groundwater in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. 相似文献
179.
Symbiont-bearing large benthic foraminifers (LBFs) are widely distributed around coral reefs. If the physiological responses of LBFs to environmental changes can be recognized at an individual level, LBFs could serve as highly accurate bioindicators. In this study, chlorophyll a, respiration, and photosynthesis of Baculogypsina sphaerulata individuals were measured, and whether these physiological traits could be estimated based on the color of the holobiont (foraminifera and the diatom symbionts) was examined. Chlorophyll a content was estimated using a* and b* values of holobiont color represented in CIE L*a*b* color space. Photosynthetic performance decreased significantly with increasing whiteness (L*). These results indicated chlorophyll content as well as photosynthetic performance of Baculogypsina could be directly estimated using the holobiont color. The increased whiteness in color and decreased photosynthetic performance were mainly observed under low-light environment, possibly indicating symbiotic algae were shrunk into the central part of the host shell due to prolonged exposure to adverse conditions. 相似文献
180.