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11.
In order to acquire more in-depth information on the site(s) of hemopoiesis in marine animals, we successfully cultured pharyngeal explants of the tunicate Styela clava over a period of 82 d. Transmission electron microscopy of resident hemocytes within explants revealed changes in hemocyte composition. Hemoblast-like cells increased shortly after commencement of the cultures (8.1% at Day 0 increasing to a maximum of 28.7% at Day 7). Autoradiography using 3H-thymidine incorporation confirmed that hemocyte proliferation in pharyngeal explants still continued after 37 d culture. During culture, the migration of many free cells into the medium resulted in sparse, residential hemocytes in the pharyngeal explants. Hemocyte migration increased by up to 4.3x105 cells/explant (max.) at 17 to 24 d, but finally decreased to 4.9x104 cells/explant at 75 to 82 d. Vital neutral-red staining revealed that many emerging cells were not hemocytes such as those found in the normal hemolymph. The continued development of in vitro approaches will strengthen analyses of immune-defense responses in tunicates which, as protochordates, are the immediate invertebrate ancestors of vertebrates. 相似文献
12.
Akira Hoshino Maso Tsuji Masanori Momochi Akiko Mizutani Hideo Sawada Setsuo Kohnami Hiroki Nakagomi Michio Ito Hisato Saida Munehiro Ohnishi Michimasa Hirata Masao Kunioka Masahiro Funabash Shogo Uematsu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(4):275-280
Several ISO standards for determining the ultimate aerobic/anaerobic biodegradability of plastic materials have been published.
In particular, ISO 14855-1 is a common test method that measures evolved carbon dioxide using such methods as continuous infrared
analysis, gas chromatography or titration and others (ISO 14855-1(2005.9)). This method is a small-scale test for determining
the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, where the amounts of compost inoculum and test sample in one tenth
comparing with that of ISO 14855-1. This method is well versed in ISO/DIS 14855-2 which the carbon dioxide evolved from test
vessel is determined by gravimetric analysis of carbon dioxide absorbent. The focus of this study is to elucidate statistically
the results of round robin test by seven countries used MODA, which were various deviations among the experiments. 相似文献
13.
Diem-Mai Kim Nguyen Tsuyoshi Imai Thanh-Loc Thi Dang Ariyo Kanno Takaya Higuchi Koichi Yamamoto Masahiko Sekine 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(3):116-126
This paper presents the results from using a physical absorption process to absorb gaseous CO_2mixed with N_2using water by producing tiny bubbles via a liquid-film-forming device(LFFD)that improves the solubility of CO_2in water.The influence of various parameters—pressure,initial CO_2concentration,gas-to-liquid ratios,and temperature—on the CO_2removal efficiency and its absorption rate in water were investigated and estimated thoroughly by statistical polynomial models obtained by the utilization of the response surface method(RSM)with a central composite design(CCD).Based on the analysis,a high efficiency of CO_2capture can be reached in conditions such as low pressure,high CO_2concentration at the inlet,low gas/liquid ratio,and low temperature.For instance,the highest removal efficiency in the RSM–CCD experimental matrix of nearly 80%occurred for run number 20,which was conducted at 0.30 MPa,CO_2concentration of 35%,gas/liquid ratio of 0.71,and temperature of 15°C.Furthermore,the coefficients of determination,R~2,were 0.996 for the removal rate and 0.982 for the absorption rate,implying that the predicted values computed by the constructed models correlate strongly and fit well with the experimental values.The results obtained provide essential information for implementing this method properly and effectively and contribute a promising approach to the problem of CO_2capture in air pollution treatment. 相似文献
14.
Kanthima Phummal Tsuyoshi Imai Alissara Reungsang Prapaipid Chairattanamanokorn Masahiko Sekine Takaya Higuchi Koichi Yamamoto Ariyo Kanno 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(6):1361-1368
Hydrogen(H2) production from lignocellulosic materials may be enhanced by removing lignin and increasing the porosity of the material prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Alkaline pretreatment conditions,used to delignify disposable wooden chopsticks(DWC) waste, were investigated. The effects of NaOH concentration, temperature and retention time were examined and it was found that retention time had no effect on lignin removal or carbohydrate released in enzymatic hydrolysate. The highest percentage of lignin removal(41%) was obtained with 2% NaOH at 100℃, correlated with the highest carbohydrate released(67 mg/gpretreated DWC) in the hydrolysate. An enriched culture from a hot spring was used as inoculum for fermentative H2 production, and its optimum initial pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 50℃, respectively. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysate from pretreated DWC was successfully demonstrated as a substrate for fermentative H2 production by the enriched culture. The maximum H2 yield and production rate were achieved at 195 mL H2/g total sugarsconsumedand 116 mL H2/(L·day), respectively. 相似文献
15.
Inoue Daisuke Sawada Kazuko Tsutsui Hirofumi Fujiwara Taku 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(1):353-360
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study was conducted to clarify the fates of whole nitrogen cycle-associated microorganisms during laboratory-scale composting of cattle manure... 相似文献
16.
Inactivation effect of pressurized carbon dioxide on bacteriophage Qβ and ΦX174 as a novel disinfectant for water treatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huy Thanh Vo Tsuyoshi Imai Truc Thanh Ho Masahiko Sekine Ariyo Kanno Takaya Higuchi Koichi Yamamoto Hidenori Yamamoto 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(6):1301-1306
The inactivation effects of pressurized CO2 against bacteriophage Qβ and ΦX174 were investigated under the pressure of 0.3–0.9 MPa, initial concentration of 107–109PFU/mL, and temperature of17.8°C–27.2°C. The optimum conditions were found to be 0.7 MPa and an exposure time of 25 min. Under identical treatment conditions, a greater than 3.3-log reduction in bacteriophage Qβ was achieved by CO2, while a nearly 3.0 log reduction was observed for phage ΦX174. The viricidal effects of N2O(an inactivation gas with similar characteristics to CO2), normal acid(HCl), and CO2 treatment with phosphate buffered saline affirmed the chemical nature of CO2 treatment. The pumping cycle, depressurization rate, and release of intracellular substances caused by CO2 were its viricidal mechanisms. The results indicate that CO2 has the potential for use as a disinfectant without forming disinfection by-products. 相似文献
17.
Ana F. L. Godoi Eliza Y. Sawada Mary Rosa R. de Marchi René Van Grieken Ricardo H. M. Godoi 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2009,9(3-4):163-169
The use of inks containing organic solvents by the offset printing process implies in the release of volatile organic compounds to the work environment. Many of these compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers (well known by the acronym BTEX) are extremely toxic. In this study, the BTEX concentrations were determined in two different printing plants that use distinct types of inks: the conventional and the so-called ecological, which is manufactured based on vegetal oil. Concentration ranges were 43–84, 15–3,480, 2–133, 5–459, and 2–236 μg m?3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m?+?p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively, for the conventional printing plant. At the ecological printing plant, concentration ranges were below limit of detection (<LD)-31, <LD-618, <LD-1,690, <LD-10,500, <LD-3,360 μg m?3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m?+?p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively. BTEX concentrations are lower at the ecological printing environment than in the conventional, where mineral oil-based inks are used. However, the worker who cleans the printing matrices is exposed to high concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylenes, due probably to the cleaning product’s composition (containing high amounts of BTEX). Although the BTEX concentrations found in both printing work environments were below the limits considered by the Brazilian Law for Activities and Unhealthy Operations (NR-15), the exposure to such vapors characterizes risk to the workers’ health for some of the evaluated samples, mainly the personal ones. 相似文献
18.
Ram Avtar Wataru Takeuchi Haruo Sawada 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):2023-2037
An accurate estimation of a plant's age is required for the prediction of yield and management practices. This study demonstrates the relationship between backscattering properties (σ°) of Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) dual polarimetric data with cashew plants' biophysical parameters (height, age, crown diameter, diameter at breast height, basal area, tree density, and biomass) in Cambodia. PALSAR σ° has shown a positive correlation with the biophysical parameters of cashew plants. The value of σ° increases with the age of cashew plants. At a young stage, the cashew plants show a higher rate of an increase in σ° compared to that at the mature stage. The σ° horizontal polarization transmitted and vertical received (HV) shows higher sensitivity to the plant's growth than σ° horizontal polarization transmitted and received (HH). High backscattering and low variations were observed at mature stage (8–12 years) of cashew plantation. Saturation in backscattering has shown from the age of about 13 years. The validation results indicate strong coefficient of determination (R 2?=?0.86 and 0.88) for PALSAR-predicted age and biomass of cashew plants with root mean square error?=?1.8 years and 16.3 t/ha for age and biomass, respectively. The correlations of σ° (HH) with biophysical parameters observed in the dry season were better than those of the rainy season because soil moisture interferes with backscattering in the rainy season. Biomass accumulation rate of cashew plants has been predicted that would be useful for selection of plants species to enhance carbon sequestration. This study provides an insight to use PALSAR for the monitoring of growth stages of plants at the regional level. 相似文献
19.
Ram Avtar Haruo Sawada Pankaj Kumar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2013,15(6):1593-1603
In this study, we have shown the importance of remote sensing applications and community forestry for forest management, discussed as a case study on Cambodian forest management. Curbing deforestation is necessary for the effective implementation of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forests Degradation (REDD+) mechanism and management of forest resources to support sustainable forest management plans. The updated information of the forest cover and forest biomass using advanced remote sensing techniques can be useful for selecting the suitable sites for planned thinning, reforestation, community forestry, and concession land, which eventually will help in controlling the deforestation in Cambodia. To overcome the limitations of remote sensing, an integrated approach of remote sensing and community forestry to monitor forests from local to national level has also been discussed. 相似文献
20.
Liu YY Imai T Ukita M Sekine M Higuchi T 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2004,39(1):153-168
This study emphasizes nutrient balance of soils in the farmland application of composted biosolid wastes. The loading rates of plant nutrients following the compost application to farmland in Japan were estimated and compared with the nutrient uptake of agricultural plants. Results show that the current compost application in Japan can meet the requirements of agricultural plants for plant nutrient Ca, except for K, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. The compost application could realize the safe disposal of biosolid wastes and the effective recycling of plant nutrients in composts to soils without causing heavy metal accumulation. The application manner of composts affects the heavy metal accumulation in farmlands. Field examination indicates that the excessive compost application has led to the heavy metal accumulation in compost-amended farmlands. Measuring the nutrient balance in compost-amended farmlands is well suitable for explaining the accumulation of heavy metals, such as Cu and Zn. 相似文献