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161.
Park BK Park SS 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(2):243-250
The locomotion behavior of Pseudorasbora parva was observed in laboratory under various light intensity, turbidity, structural complexity and zooplankton size, focusing on swimming speed and time of search, approach, and attack. At low prey density, the satiation level affected the swimming speed only slightly. The search speed was nearly constant regardless of the satiation level to reduce the swimming energetic cost when opportunities of encountering prey were low. However, the attack and approach speeds slightly decreased with satiation. With increasing visual and swimming conditions, the approach speed increased markedly, but the search and attack speeds did not. Although the time for the approach and attack to capture a prey did not change much with decreasing swimming and visual conditions, the search time significantly increased to compensate for the decreased swimming speed. 相似文献
162.
A Study of Plant Species Extinction in Singapore: Lessons for the Conservation of Tropical Biodiversity 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
I.M. Turner H.T.W. Tan Y.C. Wee Ali Bin Ibrahim P.T. Chew R.T. Corlett 《Conservation biology》1994,8(3):705-712
The native vascular plant flora of the Republic of Singapore has suffered the extinction of 594 out of a total 2277 species. These represent local, not global, species extinctions. Coastal habitats, including mangroves, have lost 39% of their species, while inland forests have last 29%. Epiphytic species (62% loss) appear particularly prone to extinction, which is reflected in a similar disposition exhibited by the Orchidaceae. Deforestation and disturbance have been the main cause of plant species extinction in Singapore. The rich mangrove epiphyte flora has been totally exterminated, and a number of tree species are reduced to populations of a few mature individuals. Many more species continue to survive than the species-area relationship would predict given the 99.8% loss of primary forest. This is interpreted as a result of the failure of equilibrium to be achieved yet in the remnant forest fragments, even after more than a century of isolation. Singapore's secondary forests appear to accrete plant diversity very slowly, even if contiguous with primary forest areas. We conclude that remnant fragments of primary tropical forest, even of very small size, can play a major role in the conservation of tropical biodiversity. The patterns of extinction observed in Singapore indicate that coastal and estuarine sites are in greatest demand for development and therefore must be given high priority for conservation despite their somewhat lower biodiversity. Epiphyte and orchid diversity appear to be very good indicators of the degree of disturbance suffered by a habitat in the humid tropics. 相似文献
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I. K. P. Tan E. S. Stuart R. W. Lenz R. C. Fuller 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1998,6(2):67-71
It is well known that Pseudomonas oleovorans can utilize sodium octanoate for both cell growth and the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), but it can utilize sodium butyrate only for limited cell growth and not for the polyester formation when this substrate is the sole carbon source. Therefore, these two substrates were evaluated as cofeeds for the possible incorporation of 3-hydroxybutyryl groups in the resulting PHA. When sodium butyrate and sodium octanoate were fed to P. oleovorans as cosubstrates in various proportions, the resultant cell density and polymer content were proportional to the amount of sodium octanoate in the feed. The PHA extracted from cells grown in all combinations of these cosubstrates had similar unit compositions of approximately 8 mole % 3-hydroxyhexanoate, 91 mole % 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 1 mole % 3-hydroxydecanoate. 3-Hydroxybutyrate units were not detected in any of the PHAs isolated, indicating that these units could not be incorporated in the copolymer synthesized by P. oleovorans either because the cell did not synthesize that monomer or, if it did, the PHA synthase could not copolymerize it with the longer chain monomers. 相似文献
166.
福建古生界至中生界部分地层古地磁研究认为,华南地块的主体部分首先于中奥陶世时期即已拼合,作为一个整体由南纬23.8°向北移动,二叠纪之后越过赤道,继续北移,直至侏罗纪末到达北纬19.6°的位置.而华南地块同扬子地块的拼合是在加里东末期开始的,至少可以认为是在早石炭纪之前两地块就靠近了。这一时期,华南地块和扬子地块的地质构造运动十分活跃. 相似文献
167.
Method development for determination of fluroxypyr in water 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Halimah M Tan YA Aini K Ismail BS 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2003,38(4):429-440
Improved methods for extraction and clean up of fluroxypyr residue in water have been established. Two methods of fluroxypyr extraction were used, namely, Direct Measurement of fluroxypyr and Concentration of fluroxypyr onto A Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) Adsorbent, followed by elution with solvent before determination of fluroxypyr. The recovery for Direct Measurement of fluroxypyr in water containing 8-100 microg L(-1), ranged from 86 to 110% with relative standard deviation of 0.7 to 2.15%. For the second method, three types of SPE were used, viz. C18, C18 end-capped and polyvinyl dibenzene (ISOLUTE ENV+). The procedure involved concentrating the analyte from fluroxypyr-spiked water at pH 3, followed by elution of the analyte with 4 mL of acentonitrile. The recovery of fluroxypyr from the spiked sample at 1 to 50 microg L(-1) after eluting through either C18 or C18 end-capped ranged from 40-64% (with relative standard deviation of 0.7 to 2.15) and 41-65% (with standard deviation of 1.52 to 11.9). The use of ISOLUTE ENV+, gave better results than the C18, C18 end-capped or the Direct Measurement Methods. The recovery and standard deviation of fluroxypyr from spiked water using ISOLUTE ENV+ ranged from 91-102% and 2.5 to 5.3, respectively. 相似文献
168.
This paper reviews the effects and control methods for particulate matter (PM) in animal indoor environments. PM in animal indoor environments represents a particular threat to the health of countless animals and millions of workers around the world. Because air in animal facilities has a higher portion of biological content than does air in other environments, the adverse health impact is much greater than it is for the same amount of PM in other environments. Source control, ventilation, and internal air cleaning can reduce PM concentration in animal indoor environments. Source control is typically the most economical method for PM control. Ventilation is the most widely applied technology, although uncertainties remain as to its effectiveness for PM control. Most internal air cleaners require frequent maintenance because of the high concentration and stickiness of PM in animal environments. Filtration is the most well-studied and widely used technology for internal air cleaning because of its low capital cost and high efficiency. Several trials using electrostatic precipitators have shown efficiencies of approximately 50% in removing PM concentration, but improvements are needed before they can be used widely. No report using wet collectors or centrifugals as internal air cleaners has been found. 相似文献
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