Method development for determination of fluroxypyr in soil

Four methods were developed for the analysis of fluroxypyr in soil samples from oil palm plantations. The first method involved the extraction of the herbicide with 0.05 M NaOH in methanol followed by purification using acid base partition. The concentrated material was subjected to derivatization and then cleaning process using a florisil column and finally analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with electron capture detector (ECD). By this method, the recovery of fluroxypyr from the spiked soil ranged from 70 to 104% with the minimum detection limit at 5 microg/kg. The second method involved solid liquid extraction of fluroxypyr using a horizontal shaker followed by quantification using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with UV detector. The recovery of fluroxypyr using this method, ranged from 80 to 120% when the soil was spiked with fluroxypyr at 0.1-0.2 microg/g soil. In the third method, the recovery of fluroxypyr was determined by solid liquid extraction using an ultrasonic bath. The recovery of fluroxypyr at spiking levels of 4-50 microg/L ranged from 88 to 98% with relative standard deviations of 3.0-5.8% with a minimum detection limit of 4 microg/kg. In the fourth method, fluroxypyr was extracted using the solid liquid extraction method followed by the cleaning up step with OASIS HLB (polyvinyl dibenzene). The recovery of fluroxypyr was between 91 and 95% with relative standard deviations of 4.2-6.2%, respectively. The limit of detection in method 4 was further improved to 1 pg/kg. When the weight of soil used was increased 4 fold, the recovery of fluroxypyr at spiking level of 1-50 microg/kg ranged from 82-107% with relative standard deviations of 0.5-4.7%.     

菌丝体表面分子印迹壳聚糖吸附剂对Cr3+的吸附性能研究

菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂所保留的印迹对过渡金属离子有着良好的吸附作用,以Cr3 作为吸附离子,系统研究了该吸附剂的吸附特性和影响因素.结果表明:吸附剂对Cr3 的饱和吸附容量可达60 mg/g;其吸附行为满足Langmuir方程式.初始浓度为200 mg/L时,最佳吸附pH在3～4,吸附容量可达到50 mg/g左右,离子强度对吸附没有影响,用0.5 mol/L硝酸或硫酸解吸Cr3 ,解吸率在90%以上.     

SBR法处理高浓度氯霉素废水的实验研究

采用常规活性污泥法、间歇曝气活性污泥法和SBR法对高浓度氯霉素废水进行了对比处理试验。结果表明 ,SBR法优于其他两种方法。当进水COD浓度为 4 910mg L ,COD容积负荷为 9.8kg m3·d ,去除率可达 91.6 %。当废水中NH+4约为 4 5 5mg L时 ,脱氮率可达 6 0 %左右。污泥指数稳定在 88左右。     

Solubilities of trace copper and lead species and the complexing capacity of river water in the Linggi River Basin

Chemical forms of copper and lead in river water of the Linggi River Basin have been fractionated into ASV labile, moderately labile, slowly labile, and inert metal species, based on a previously proposed scheme. Free (hydrated) metal ions were identified by a potentiometric method using an ion selective electrode. Speciation results showed that the soluble copper and lead species occurred mainly in the moderately labile and slowly labile fractions. The speciation results are primarily interpreted in terms of organic interaction due to agricultural based and light industries, and urban discharges. The measured metal complexing capacity (MCC) of the samples reveals consistency of the results with the nature of the discharge. MCC correlates reasonably well with the value from the permanganate test on the river water. In general, the speciation pattern was found to be consistent with the findings of other workers.     

交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备及其对Cr^3＋的吸附特性

深入研究了交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备工艺及其对Cr^3＋的吸附特性。交联菌丝体吸附剂制备工艺简单，但在制备过程中，活化剂NaOH和交联剂的用量对吸附特性影响较大。与纯菌丝体吸附剂相比，交联菌丝体吸附剂表观吸附容量提高48％，达到49．83mg／g（pH=2．53，水溶液中的Cr^3＋浓度为600mg／L），同时其机械强度明显增强。交联菌丝体吸附剂对Cr^3＋的吸附特点是将沉淀法与吸附法相结合，将沉淀与吸附两过程合二为一，从而简化了处理工艺，降低了处理成本。     

城市室内环境多环芳烃污染与源的相关性

本实验选择了天津市４类典型室内环境和２处室外对照点，共１９个采样点。现场采样测定了１０种ＰＡＨｓ组成含量。结果显示，室内燃煤和室内吸烟是室内环境中多环芳烃排放的主要污染源。同作为对照的室外大气中多环芳烃组成和含量进行了对比，研究了室内环境不同污染源排放多环芳烃组成和含量的特征性。提出了室内燃煤污染同燃煤型室外大气源排放多环芳烃具有相似组成含量特征，而室内烟草烟雾污染源的多环芳烃组成含量特征则与室外     

Unbalanced growth of Acinetobacter CS 13 in glucose-limited chemostats caused by sublethal CdCl2 concentrations

The marine cadmium-sensitive Acinetobacter CS 13 was grown in glucose-limited chemostats to study the chronic toxicity of CdCl₂. Addition of 25, 50 or 100 μg Cd²⁺ l^-1 caused disturbances of balanced growth. At the dilution rate (D) of 0.05 h^-1 the washout rate (A) became constant at 84, 78 or 66 h after addition of 25, 50 or 100 μg Cd²⁺ l^-1 The washout rates were calculated to be respectively 0.037 h^-1, 0.039 h^-1 and 0.077 h^-1. At D=0.1 h^-1, A became constant after 48, 42 and 36 h, and were the same as D for all three Cd concentrations. Acridine orange staining revealed that 99% of the cells fluoresced green (viable cells) and 1% red or orange (dead cells). However, under Cd stress the percentage of red and orange fluorescing cells increased up to 20%. At D=0.1 h^-1, viable and direct cell counts always gave the same result. At D=0.05 h^-1, however, viable cell counts were lower than direct cell counts after 2–3 d of Cd exposure. It is assumed that at D=0.05 h^-1, a part of the cells appearing green was already Cd injured, but the true yellowish green colour was not identified. Decreasing cell densities were accompanied by increasing glucose concentrations. Cells accumulated Cd (0–25 μg Cd²⁺ l^-1) in relation to exposure time and Cd concentration in the medium, but maximum Cd contents were the same, increasing from 5.5 or 5.7 μg g^-1 dry wt in the control to 15 μg g^-1 after 2–3 d (D=0.05 h^-1) or 16 μg g^-1 after 1–2 d (D=0.1 h^-1).     

城市空气颗粒物开放源理论与治理技术研究进展

城市空气颗粒物开放源已成为大气颗粒物的主要来源之一，它对改善我国城市空气环境质量具有重要意义。开放源是一种复合源类，具有源强不确定和排放不连续等特点。其所排放的主要污染物是扬尘。但目前只有少数的开放源类起尘量可以进行估算。国内外一般对城市空气颗粒物开放源的防治对策有生态环境综合整治或生态修复治理、湿法防尘、将堆放物用覆盖物覆盖或封闭储存等。     

纳米TiO2负载织物对室内空气中氨的净化

制备了纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)水分散液,并将其负载于织物表面,形成了具有光催化特性的纳米TiO2负载织物,然后使用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其进行了表征,利用自行设计的光催化反应器,对模拟室内混凝土释放的氨进行了光催化净化研究.重点考察了纳米TiO2水分散液用量、染料以及纤维种类等因素对净化性能的影响.结果表明,纳米TiO2负载织物在波长为365.5nm紫外光照射下对氨具有良好的净化作用,在整理时适当增加TiO2水分散液用量有利于提高氨的去除率,直接耐晒黑G(C.I.Direct Black 19)对纳米TiO2负载棉织物的氨气净化性能影响甚微,负载后纯棉织物的氨气净化性能显著高于涤/棉混纺织物.     

大气对人体硒、碘、氟的直接影响研究

对一个磷肥厂周围12个村庄的人发、粮食和饮水硒、碘、氟进行了测定,利用改进的模糊数学中的群体识别法对以上数据进行分析,所得结果表明,受污染较重的几个村庄人体硒、碘、氟含量确实受到来自磷肥厂的大气高浓度硒、碘、氟的直接影响.