4A沸石分子筛处理中低浓度氨氮废水

利用天然沸石、采用水热合成法制备4A沸石分子筛,用XRD和SEM进行了表征。通过考察吸附剂用量、pH、共存金属阳离子、吸附时间、氨氮废水初始浓度、温度对吸附性能的影响,结合动力学方程、吸附等温线、热力学函数等研究了吸附性能和机理。结果表明,当4 g/L的4A沸石分子筛在废水pH值为4~8的条件下对中低浓度氨氮吸附120min后,去除率可达88%;废水中共存单一金属阳离子(Pb2+、Cu2+、Ca2+和Mg2+)浓度大于100 mg/L时,对中低浓度的NH+4有强烈的竞争吸附;氨氮的吸附过程较好地符合准二级动力学方程、Freundlich模型,是一种混乱度增加、自发的放热过程。     

柴油机Urea-SCR系统喷射雾化的数值模拟

为研究柴油机Urea-SCR系统喷射雾化规律,应用CFD软件建立喷射雾化模型,对喷嘴喷射距离、喷射位置与方向、喷孔数目与孔径对催化剂载体入口处的浓度分布情况的影响进行了数值模拟。结果表明,喷嘴距反应器距离为排气管直径5倍为宜;采用四喷孔、孔径为0.5 mm、喷嘴处于管道中心,喷射方向为径向时喷射雾化均匀性最好。通过台架实验,验证了采用喷距5D、径向、四孔、小孔径喷嘴方案可使NOx的转化率达到95%以上。     

非金属矿物对柠檬酸残液中酸类吸附工艺

分析了柠檬酸残液的营养成分,并探索了膨润土、凹凸棒石黏土、沸石等非金属矿物对柠檬酸残液中酸类的吸附工艺,以期筛选出对柠檬酸残液中酸类吸附效果优良的吸附剂并优化其吸附工艺参数条件。结果表明,凹土与热处理凹土在几种非金属矿物材料吸附剂中的总酸去除率最佳,选择凹土来进一步研究。理想的吸附条件为:凹土添加量5%,振荡时间70 min,振荡速度180 r/min,温度30℃,总酸去除率约为89.48%,为柠檬酸残液处理和饲料资源开发提供理论依据。     

氨基功能化碳材料的水热制备及其对活性艳红K-2BP的吸附性能

以葡萄糖为前驱物,以氨水或谷氨酸为添加物,通过一步水热法制备出氨基功能化碳材料,并研究了这些碳材料对活性艳红K-2BP的吸附性能。结果表明,在葡萄糖水热过程中加入不同添加物可以得到不同形貌的碳材料(从微球到不规则形状)。当以只有葡萄糖为前驱物制备的碳微球作为K-2BP的吸附剂时,其对K-2BP的最大吸附量为6.28 mg/g。当在水热体系中加入氨水和谷氨酸作为共聚物后,两者会产生协同作用,使得到的碳材料对K-2BP的吸附性能大大提高,最大吸附量达到37.0 mg/g。单纯的葡萄糖水热体系得到的碳微球对K-2BP的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线,而氨基功能化的碳材料对K-2BP的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式,吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型。低的溶液pH有利于K-2BP的吸附。     

Application and appreciation of chemical sand fixing agent-poly (aspartic acid) and its composites

The sand fixing agent-poly (aspartic acid) (PASP) and its composites were applied in the field by two forms (spraying around by PASP solution and PASP powder directly). It was found that the sand fixing effect in powder form was not as good as in solution form, but it was more practical in dry region. It needed 9, 6 and 7 days for PASP, xanthan gum-PASP (X2) and ethyl cellulose-PASP (E3) to attain the maximal mechanical strength after they were applied, respectively. The sand fixing effect decreased when the material was subjected to repeated hydration-dehydration cycles and the material had no negative influence on plant growth. The PASP and its composites had water-retaining ability and could reduce the water evaporation.     

基于谓词逻辑的应急指挥系统的设计研究

世界各国在“9．11”事件以后都开始了应急指挥系统的设计和建设,我国也建立了不少的应急指挥系统,但是从近几年紧急事件的处理情况来看,这些系统有一共同的缺陷：对应急指挥系统的设计理论没有深入的分析,系统的设计没有明确的方向,也缺乏对应急流程的分析思考,忽视计算机的智能处理能力,造成应急指挥系统的使用低效。针对这两个问题,先阐述了应急指挥系统设计通用的理论原则,之后着重分析了应急流程的数字化问题,提出了一种以谓词逻辑为核心构建应急指挥系统的设计方法,解决了智能分析辅助指挥的关键问题。     

Application of magnetoelastic sensors for quantifying sediment deposition rates and sizes

This paper describes the application of magnetoelastic sensors for quantifying the size and deposition rate of sediment samples in costal areas, lakes, and rivers. The magnetoelastic sensor, which is made of inexpensive amorphous ferromagnetic alloy, measures parameters of interest by tracking the changes in its resonant frequency and/or amplitude. Since an increase in mass loading on the sensor surface changes its resonant frequency and amplitude, the deposition rate of sediment particles can be determined in real time by tracking these two quantities. Based on a theoretical model, the size distribution of the sediment particles was also estimated from the deposition rate.     

再生胶清洁生产评价指标的构建

为了对废旧轮胎回收利用生产再生胶过程实施生命周期评价,对再生胶行业生产过程的环境影响进行了识别。以此为依据初步建立了一套再生胶行业清洁生产评价指标体系,并结合生命周期评价结果对部分指标和权重予以说明。最后对我国废旧轮胎回收利用生产再生胶行业清洁生产标准的制定提出了建议。     

天津市工业污染物排放特征及其成因的研究

基于1992—2008年天津环境经济数据,采用环境库兹涅茨曲线模型,建立了天津工业污染物排放与经济增长的科学评价模型,与典型的倒U型环境库兹涅茨曲线不同,天津工业污染物排放模型有三次函数模型和指数函数模型,目前工业废气排放量和工业固体废物产生量处于上升趋势,而工业废水中的COD、工业烟尘和工业粉尘排放量出现下降趋势。通过计算工业污染物排放及其影响因子之间的灰色关联度,定量剖析1992年后天津工业污染物排放的库兹涅茨曲线的成因。结果表明,天津市环境污染变化的主要影响因子包括工业总产值、国际贸易(外商直接投资)、能源消费、城市发展、工业污染治理、环境科研投入以及排污费征收。     

Using enriched stable isotope technique to study Cu bioaccumulation and bioavailability in Corbicula fluminea from Taihu Lake,China

In this study, we measured trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in water and sediment from representative sites of Taihu Lake, with focus on the analysis of trace metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea (bivalve). The results showed that the quality of water in Taihu Lake was generally good and the correlation was not found between Cu bioaccumulation in C. fluminea and the concentration in water and sediment. Thus, using the stable isotope tracer method, we studied Cu uptake from the water phase, the assimilation of Cu from the food phase, and the efflux of Cu in vivo by C. fluminea. The result revealed that this species exhibited a relatively lower efflux rate constant of Cu compared with other zoobenthos species. Using a simple bioenergetics-based kinetic model, Cu concentrations in the C. fluminea were calculated with the measured efflux rate. We put forward a novel method, which was taking the influence of biological kinetic on metal bioaccumulation into account to explain the field survey data.