Water softening by induced crystallization in fluidized bed

Fluidized bed and induced crystallization technology were combined to design a new type of induced crystallization fluidized bed reactor. The added particulate matter served as crystal nucleus to induce crystallization so that the insoluble material, which was in a saturated state, could precipitate on its surface. In this study, by filling the fluidized bed with quartz sand and by adjusting water p H, precipitation of calcium carbonate was induced on the surface of quartz sand, and the removal of water hardness was achieved.With a reactor influent flow of 60 L/hr, a fixed-bed height of 0.5 m, pH value of 9.5, quartz sand nuclear diameter of 0.2–0.4 mm, and a reflux ratio of 60%, the effluent concentration of calcium hardness was reduced to 60 mg/L and 86.6% removal efficiency was achieved. The resulting effluent reached the quality standard set for circulating cooling water. Majority of the material on the surface of quartz sand was calculated to be calcium carbonate based on energy spectrum analysis and moisture content was around 15.994%. With the low moisture content, dewatering treatment is no longer required and this results to cost savings on total water treatment process.     

水污染源在线设备比对监测问题与解决方案——以长沙市在线监测系统为例

总结了长沙市7年来水污染源在线监测系统开展比对监测工作的情况,对氨氮、p H、重金属比对监测存在的问题进行了剖析,分析了在线监测仪器比对不合格的原因以及目前在线监测仪器部分项目缺乏误差标准等亟待解决的问题,研究出各因子误差的合理区间,提出了切实可行的解决方案:氨氮应该按照检测浓度高低确定误差范围;p H质控样不应使用相对误差,建议采用±0.3 p H的绝对误差;重金属实际水样浓度小于一定量时,用接近水样浓度的低浓度质控样替代。     

佛山市南海城区环境空气中铅污染现状分析研究

为了解佛山市南海城区环境空气中铅污染现状,在南海城区中心设置空气质量监测点,采用重量法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法分别对空气颗粒物及不同粒径颗粒物的铅含量进行定量分析,测定结果为:TSP、PM10、PM2.5平均浓度分别是150 ug/m3、99 ug/m3、67 ug/m3,其中铅平均浓度分别是214 ng/m3、175 ng/m3、156 ng/m3.结论为:南海城区环境空气中的铅浓度达到国家环境空气质量二级标准,铅污染水平处于珠江三角洲的中游;大气中的铅主要分布在PM2.5中,机动车尾气是其主要来源.     

城市生活垃圾治理过程的能源化技术

论述了垃圾多种治理技术以及这些技术中的能源化的关键。这些技术涉及垃圾卫生填埋、垃圾梦烧、垃圾衍生燃料技术、垃圾厌氧发酵和垃圾的热解气化等。针对中国垃圾的具体特点，对中国垃圾能源化提出一些初步方案和建议。     

In vitro effects of metal ions on lipid peroxidation induced by alcohol in mice liver homogenate

The study is aimed to estimate the effect of different heavy metals such as Hg2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Se2O3(2-), As2O3 water solution and combined effects of Hg2+, Mn2+, Cr3+ on lipid peroxidation in mice liver homogenate in vitro. Lipid peroxidation was determined as thiobarbituric acid-reacting materials (TBA). We select five different concentrations of selected ions for experiments. Correlations used to identify the concentration of ions associated with lipid peroxidation. The rate of lipid peroxide formation in mice liver homogenate increased with the gradual addition of alcohol. When alcohol dose was up to 0.5 ml, the rate of lipid peroxide formation was greatest. At tested concentrations, the effects of metal ions on lipid peroxidation induced by alcohol were classified into three groups, and are as follows: (1) simulative, Hg2+. (2) inhibitory, Mn2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Se2O3(2-). (3) ambiguous, Cd2+, As2O3 water solution. When Hg2+, Mn2+ and Cr3+ were added to the mice liver homogenate with alcohol at the same time, Hg2+, Mn2+ were the main agents for the rate of alcohol induced lipid peroxidation. The simulative effect of Hg2+ on lipid peroxidation induced by alcohol indicate that alcohol-drinkers will have further health risk when they are exposed in polluted regions than others, and Mn2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Se2O3(2-) may act as free radical scavengers and preventive remedy for alcoholism in part. Furthermore, analysis of combined effect of Hg2+Mn2+ and Cr3+ provide us a new way to estimate the combined effect of multi-materials.     

博罗县下村农场坡地赤红壤的结构特征及其意义

探讨了博罗县下村农场坡地赤红壤的结构特征及其生产意义。结果表明,下村农场坡地赤红壤的质地较粗,土壤的团聚体含量较高,土壤的孔隙性较差;土壤粘粒、有机质,尤其是后者对土壤结构状况影响很大,土壤结构系数与土壤粘粒含量呈显著正相关,土壤1—0.05mm粗微团聚体含量、10—0.25mm水稳性团聚体及其几何平均直径值,均与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关。坡地土壤的开发利用,应注意防治水土流失,减少团聚体的破坏,并特别注重提高土壤有机质含量,以改善土壤结构状况。     

Comparative sensitivity to and consumption of methyl eugenol in three <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera dorsalis</Emphasis> (Diptera: Tephritidae) complex sibling species

Summary. Sensitivities to methyl eugenol of three sibling species in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex were compared. The degree of species sensitivity to methyl eugenol, i.e. B. dorsalis > B. papayae > B. carambolae (in decreasing order), was concomitant with the species age-related response to methyl eugenol as previously reported. The ability to consume methyl eugenol by the three sibling species showed similar trend - the average ME consumption per male was 0.70 ml for B. dorsalis, 0.58 ml B. papayae and 0.18 μl B. carambolae. Results obtained were discussed in relation to area-wide control of fruit fly. Received 21 April 2002; accepted 9 July 2002     

A radiotracer technique for the determination of male mating success in natural populations

Summary Males of a natural population of Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia) were injected at the beginning of their short, synchronous breeding period with one of twelve gamma-emitting nuclides which are individually recognizable by their unique spectial properties. This label passed to the females during ejaculation and was identified when the females were captured and counted in a whole-body counter. This technique established mating success of males and provided an estimate of reproductive success.     

Ecologically based management of rodents in the real world: applied to a mixed agroecosystem in Vietnam.

Rodents cause significant damage to lowland irrigated rice crops in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. A four-year study was conducted in 1999-2002 to examine the effectiveness of applying rodent control practices using the principles of ecologically based pest management. Four 100-150 ha study sites adjacent to villages were selected and farmers on two treated sites were asked to follow a set of rodent management practices, while farmers on the untreated sites were asked not to change their typical practices. Farmers on the treated sites were encouraged to use trap-barrier systems (TBS's; 0.065-ha early planted crop surrounded by a plastic fence with multiple capture traps; one TBS for every 10-15 ha), to work together over large areas by destroying burrows in refuge habitats soon after planting (before the rats reestablish in the fields and before the onset of breeding), synchronizing planting and harvesting of the their rice crops, cleaning up weeds and piles of straw, and keeping bund (embankment) size small (<30 cm) to prevent burrowing. A 75% reduction in the use of rodenticides and plastic barrier fences (without traps or an early crop) was achieved on treated sites. The abundance of rodents was low after implementation of the management practices across all sites. There was no evidence for an effect of treatment on the abundance of rodents captured each month using live-capture traps, and no difference in damage between treatments or in yields obtained from the rice crops. Therefore, ecologically based rodent management was equally effective as typical practices for rodent management. Farmers on the treated sites spent considerably less money applying rodent control practices, which was reflected in the comparative increase in the partial benefit:cost of applying ecologically based rodent management from 3:1 on treated sites and untreated sites prior to the implementation of treatments to 17:1 on treated sites in the final year of the project.     

厦门港发展与海岸带生态环境演变耦合协调关系研究

借鉴区域经济-海洋生态系统耦合关系研究成果,构建了厦门港发展与海岸带生态环境演变耦合协调关系的定量分析技术体系,内容包括环境影响识别及作用机理剖析、耦合协调系统的表征指标体系建立、耦合协调关系定量分析等,为沿海港口发展与海岸带生态环境演变耦合协调关系研究提供了可借鉴的方法,也为沿海港口绿色发展提供了理论支撑和实用技术。