Physicochemical interaction and its influence on deep bed filtration process

The capillary model was used to analyze the hydraulic conditions in the deep bed filtration process. The physicochemical interaction forces between the filter media and suspended particles and their influence on deep bed filtration process were also studied theoretically. Through the comparison of the hydraulic and physicochemical forces, the key influencing factors on the filtration process were proposed and investigated. Pilot study of the microflocculation deep bed filtration was carried out in the No. 9 Potable Water Treatment Plant of Beijing, and the experimental results of hydraulic head loss, particle distribution and entrapment were presented. The theoretical prediction was reasonably consistent with the experimental results under different conditions, which indicated that the regulation and control of micro-flocculation and deep bed filtration could be realized by the evaluation of the physicochemical interactions. Further theoretical and experimental research should be carried out to investigate the interaction mechanism and its application in the deep bed filtration and other cases.     

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area during and after its construction

A survey concerning the concentration of the nutrients in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was carried out. This paper presents the parameters(NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, KjeldahI-N, non-ionic ammonia, P-PO4 and TP)determined at 16 sampling sites from 1997 to 1999. The dominant soluble nitrogen form was NO3^- -N followed by KjeldahI-N, NO2^- -N and non-ionic ammonia. Mean values of NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, Kjeldahl-N and non-ionic ammonia ranged from 0.50 to 2.37 mg/L, 0.022 to 0.084 mg/L, 0.33 to 0.99 mg/L and 0.007 to 0.092 mg/L respectively.Mean values of P-PO4 at most sampling sites were higher than 0.1 mg/L for subject to eutrophication. The major factors influencing the concentrations of N and P might be agricultural runoff, municipal and industrial effluents. In addition, 6 kinds of soil were sampled at the area where would inundated after the dam completed. Two approaches were adopted to simulate the N and P release from the inundated soils. The results showed that the soils would release nitrogen and phosphorus to the overlying water when the soils were inundated. The characteristics of soil affected the equilibrium concentrations of N and P between the soil and the overlying water.     

Kinetics study of aqueous sorption of phenanthrene to humic acids and sediments

IntroductionThesorptionofhydrophobicorganiccontaminants(HOCs)onnaturalgeosorbentsplaysasignificantroleintheirtransport,degradationandultimatefateintheaquaticenvironment (Alexander,1995 ;Luthy ,1997;Weber,2 0 0 1) .Sincethelate 1970s,theorganicmatter(OM)ha…     

如何有效规避管道交叉点施工风险

采气一厂管辖各类管线6000余km,随着国家和地方基础设施建设不断完善,天然气管道安全范围内的各类施工逐年增多。由于施工队伍水平参差不齐,管线安全范围内的施工对气田已建集输管网构成较大的安全风险。总结了采气一厂近年来在管线交叉施工管理过程中摸索出的各类经验,同时对实施效果进行评价,旨在为同行提供参考和借鉴。     

基于GIS技术的工业危险废物排放信息管理系统研究

研究运用C#语言与地理信息系统(GIS)二次开发组件MapObjects相结合的技术,建立工业危险废物排放信息管理系统。该系统将危险废物排放信息与地理坐标有效地结合起来,准确定位工业危险废物的排放地点及其相关的排放信息,对工业危险废物的排放信息进行查询和处理,使申请排放单位和接纳单位通过环境保护部门进行良好的沟通,便于工业危险废物的分类、管理及回收再利用。     

纵向通风隧道内火灾温度场分布规律研究

以狮子洋水下特长隧道为工程背景,利用CFD数值模拟软件FDS 4.01,建立隧道实体物理模型,进行火灾数值模拟分析。研究了列车火灾热释放功率为15 MW、不同坡度、不同纵向通风风速下,该类隧道内拱顶附近和2 m高处温度场的纵向分布规律,以及各工况下拱顶的最高温度,并分析其对隧道结构防火和人员疏散救援的影响。结果表明:随隧道坡度的增大,在同一通风速率下的烟气回流长度逐渐减小,但随着风速的加大,坡度对烟气回流的影响逐渐减弱;随着通风风速的增大,火区附近的温度下降,而沿程温度上升,纵向通风速率越大,拱顶温度越低。     

基于化工发展胁迫的连云港生态风险预警研究

以区域生态风险预警为目的的区域生态风险评价工作,可以为政府实现有效的生态风险管理提供良好的决策依据.构建了包括化工风险压力指数、区域环境状态指数、区域生态风险管理指数的区域化工生态风险的评价指标体系,提出了根据区域生态风险评价结果进行生态风险状态以及趋势预警的具体方法.并据此对连云港地区进行了区域生态风险综合评价及状态预警.结果表明,研究区域多数镇化工总体而言风险不大,处于无警和轻警状态,分别占总数的11.1%和71.4%;中警状态占15.9%,包括人口稠密的连云港市区,云台乡和花果山等自然保护区以及灌河入海口;堆沟港镇属于重警区域,占总数的0.02%;无巨警区域.     

PAHs污染农田土壤联合生物修复技术研究

以我国典型污水灌溉区--沈抚污灌区农田土壤为研究对象,采用植物修复并辅以高效微生物菌剂、污泥发酵肥等方式对PAHs污染农田土壤进行了植物-微生物联合生物修复的初步研究.结果表明,采用玉米、大豆、蓖麻、苜蓿与高效微生物菌剂联合修复PAHs效果可达到36.3%、44.1%、36.8%和48.3%,比单纯的植物修复显著增高了15%～18%;施加污泥发酵肥进一步提高了生态修复效率,其中苜蓿的联合修复效率最好,达到61.1%.同时,联合生物修复对高环PAHs的去除也有明显的效果.修复后农作物的PAHs质量比在安全范围内; 土壤微生物数量明显增加,微生物群落中的PAHs降解细菌和真菌分别增加了3和1个数量级.     

美军信息化单兵防护装备浅析

信息化单兵防护装备集战场防护、信息处理功能于一体,以士兵作战需求为核心,采用新材料及新技术,通过一体化、系统化集成设计,有效利用士兵身体作为携行平台,实现了单兵综合作战效能的提升。     

液化烃罐区安全管理指标体系构建与优化研究

以液化烃罐区的安全管理要素为研究对象,运用系统理论将安全管理要素分为罐区风险管理、职工素质、作业环境及设备风险4个部分,依据体系指标选取原则及层次分析法构建指标体系框架并选取初始指标。采用整体打分模式构造判断矩阵,依据单人单准则确定各指标权重,再依据多人单准则确定各指标的综合权重。通过重要性指标筛选与灰色关联度分析达到优化目的,得出液化烃罐区安全管理指标体系中可删除或可整合的指标,为罐区安全管理工作指明重点,切实提高罐区安全管理水平。结合企业丁二烯罐区实例进行分析,根据该罐区安全管理现状及体系指标权重进行模糊综合评价,得出罐区安全管理现状等级,说明液化烃罐区安全管理指标体系具有较强的实用性。