遂宁市主城区环境空气质量现状及原因分析研究

利用遂宁市2017年1月份4个国控环境空气自动监测数据,分析了遂宁市主城区环境空气质量现状,与整个成渝地区和周边城市的空气质量进行了横向比较,并阐述了遂宁市空气质量变化的原因.结果发现遂宁市主城区2017年1月份空气质量指数的范围为32～203,优良率为54.8％,首要污染物为PM2.5,空气质量同比下降了22.8％,环比下降了26.1％,但均显著优于成渝地区和周边城市的平均水平,并从4个方面阐述了空气质量下降的原因.最后,根据遂宁市大气污染现状,提出了4条针对性的防治措施.     

黑龙江及周边中强震前不同参数模型矩加速释放(AMR)现象特征分析

应用时间破裂分析方程中表征地震距释放程度的m值,选取不同空间尺度进行时空扫描研究,得到震前1年以每2个月为时间间隔的空间m值随时间变化的分布图像,运用不同参数设置计算了地震前Benioff累积应变释放特征。通过对比这些变化找出研究区内m值空间分布搜索主震破裂点扫描效果较好的参数模型,尝试性地给出了"矩释放程度空间扫描"方法应用于地震预测的经验指标。并结合与矩加速释放具有相同物理机制的加卸载响应比(Load/Unload Response Ratio)方法进行综合分析,利用这两种方法对地震进行中短期预测,达到两种方法互相检验、相互辅助的目的。考虑到本文仅对6个震例进行研究,无法给出具有统计显著性的结论,所以仍需结合其他方法进行点、线、面的综合分析。     

土壤镉污染的现状及修复研究进展

镉是一种对人类和动物健康危害严重的重金属。土壤镉污染问题已经成为全球研究热点。重点分析了镉污染土壤中镉的来源,镉对动植物、人体的危害,并提出了对镉污染土壤的修复的方法。     

Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite

The adsorption behavior of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite was investigated.Natural bentonite from Gaozhou in Guangdong Province,China was collected.Organo-bentonite was prepared by intercalation of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide into the natural bentonite.The physicochemical properties of the prepared organo-bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that montmorillonite is the main component of the natural bentonite.The basal spacing of the natural bentonite is 1.47 nm,which increased to 1.98 nm on intercalation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.Moreover,both the surface area and pore volume increased with intercalation.Clear CH2 stretching(3000-2800 cm-1) and scissoring(1480-1450 cm-1) modes of the intercalated surfactants were observed for organobentonite.Compared with the pseudo first-order kinetic model,the pseudo second-order kinetic model is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite.The adsorption capacity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite increased with increasing initial concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage.The adsorption isotherm of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite fits well with the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of organo-bentonite for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was 33.61 mg/g,indicating that organo-bentonite is a promising adsorbent for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.     

Supercritical water oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol and desizing wastewater：Influence of NaOH on the organic decomposition

Polyvinyl alcohol is a refractory compound widely used in industry. Here we report supercritical water oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol solution and desizing wastewater with and without sodium hydroxide addition. However, it is difficult to implement complete degradation of organics even though polyvinyl alcohol can readily crack under supercritical water treatment. Sodium hydroxide had a significant catalytic effect during the supercritical water oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol. It appears that the OH ion participated in the C-C bond cleavage of polyvinyl alcohol molecules, the CO2-capture reaction and the neutralization of intermediate organic acids, promoting the overall reactions moving in the forward direction. Acetaldehyde was a typical intermediate product during reaction. For supercritical water oxidation of desizing wastewater, a high destruction rate (98.25%) based on total organic carbon was achieved. In addition, cases where initial wastewater was alkaline were favorable for supercritical water oxidation treatment, but salt precipitation and blockage issues arising during the process need to be taken into account seriously.     

饭馆、餐厅油烟机、风机噪声扰民实例研究

随着城市化进程的加快,人民生活水平的提高,饭馆、餐厅的油烟机、风机等设施噪声扰民的事件频发。本文通过对饭馆、餐厅一条街噪声扰民事件进行原因分析、采取防治措施、治理效果验证,提出了饭馆、餐厅等社会娱乐服务场的噪声防治措施,对提高人民生活水平、减少居民投诉、促进社会和谐具有建设性意义。     

杭州市环境保护背景下的工业产业发展研究

通过对杭州市工业产业发展现状的调研,分析杭州市工业产业发展与环境保护之间存在的问题,制定产业发展的环境约束指标,引导发展符合资源节约型、环境友好型的产业,在保持经济高度增长的同时降低污染物排放,最终形成节约资源和保护环境的产业结构.杭州市在今后一段时期内,需进一步明确各区域产业发展重点,利用总量减排倒逼产业结构调整和优化升级,积极推进行业发展环境准入,区域建设项目环境准入,最终实现经济效益与生态效益的有机统一.     

滨岸缓冲带控制农田氮磷流失的作用和机理研究

农田面源氮磷的流失是导致河流湖泊等水体产生富营养化的主要原因之一,其带来的环境、经济及社会问题已引起国内外广泛关注。近年来,关于滨岸缓冲带截留污染物的效率和机理已成为研究热点。文章介绍了滨岸缓冲带在农业面源污染防治上的功能和作用,论述了滨岸缓冲带对氮磷养分的截留转化机理以及稳定同位素技术在机理研究中的应用,讨论了影响滨岸缓冲带截留转化氮磷养分的调控因子,在此基础上就目前滨岸缓冲带控制农田氮磷流失研究中存在的问题提出了未来的研究展望。     

城市排水系统沉积物特性研究

重点阐述了沉积物的来源和组成,沉积物的颗粒粒径、有机物含量(VSS/SS)、颗粒粘性和颗粒密度等物化性质,以及附着于沉积物上的金属污染物的相关特征。其粒度分布范围是D10为1.89～223.21μm,D50为12.38～437.30μm,D90为39.06～1 572.52μm;VSS/SS的范围是1%～38%;密度范围是1.80～2.47 g/cm3。金属污染物主要的附着对象是沉积物中的细小颗粒如生物膜上。以上沉积物性质对于解决排水系统的泥沙淤积问题以及水体污染的控制都具有重要意义。     

丁二烯缓冲罐自聚物的生成原因及防范措施

分析了ABS树脂生产装置丁二烯缓冲罐中丁二烯自聚物的生成原因,提出了预防措施,避免丁二烯自聚物的生成,保证装置的安全平稳运行。