机器人在排水管道中的研究和应用

机器人作为自动执行工作的机器装置,近几十年来已成为国内外研究及应用的热点。它既可以接受人类指挥,又可以运行预先编排的程序,也可以根据以人工智能技术制定的原则纲领行动。它能到达人不能到达的地方,并协助或取代人类完成工作。文章介绍了城市排水管道在检测及维修方面所面临的问题,阐明了机器人在排水管道应用的必要性,评述了机器人在排水管道中的相关研究及各种检测和维修技术的性能特点,并对排水管道机器人在检测、维修及标准化方面未来的发展做出展望。     

油田油泥(砂)废弃物排放状况及处理技术

中国油田及石油化工行业每年油泥(砂)的排放量达到80多万吨,已严重制约油田的可持续发展。油泥(砂)中石油含量达10%～30%,还含有多环芳烃、重金属等污染物,可对生态环境和人体健康造成危害。国内外已广泛开展了油泥(砂)处理技术的研究。油泥(砂)处理技术包括资源回收技术、无害化处理技术和综合利用技术。本文简述了水洗处理技术、生物处理技术和热解气化焚烧工艺,并对不同处理技术的优缺点进行了比较。应结合中国国情及成本等方面综合考虑选用不同的处理方法,实现油泥的减量化、无害化、资源化、清洁化处理。     

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Western China has lagged a lot in terms of industrial structure and economic development, compared with the national average. And China announced its target of CO₂ emission reduction, i.e. by 2020, CO₂ emission per GDP will drop by 40–45% compared with 2005. The target will be incorporated into China’s long-term industrial planning. Against this background, this paper will make a comprehensive examination of the industrial development of Western China, aiming to discover a green and compatible way. First, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of regional industrial structure for the period 2000–2010. Second, we try to discover the industrial structure optimization path for Western China by employing the Vector Auto Regression model. Lastly, we try to provide some advice and suggestions for further industrial development in Western China. Our examination shows that further industrial development in Western China should pay full attention to resource conservation and recycling, and develop on a green and compatible path.     

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp clones (Cannabis sativa L.)

● Fe₃O₄ NPs increased the biomass and chlorophyll content of hemp clones. ● Fe₃O₄ NPs penetrated and were internalized by root cells. ● Fe₃O₄ NPs induced the alteration of metabolite profiles in hemp leaves. ● The psychoactive compound THC in hemp leaves was significantly down-regulated. We investigated the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs, ~17 nm in size) on the phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an annual crop distributed worldwide. Hemp clones were grown in hydroponic cultures with Fe₃O₄ NPs (50, 100, 200, or 500 mg/L) for four weeks. TEM and ICP-MS were used to determine Fe₃O₄ NPs uptake and translocation. LC-MS-based metabolomics was employed to explore the deep insight into the effect of Fe₃O₄ NPs on hemp plants. The results revealed that plant growth enhanced gradually with increasing concentrations of given NPs up to 200 mg/L, which improved the fresh weight and dry weight by 36.13% and 74.68%, respectively, compared to the control. Even at a high dose (500 mg/L), Fe₃O₄ NPs promoted plant growth, including increased biomass and tissue length. NPs significantly increased the iron and chlorophyll content in plant tissues Increased catalase activity and reduced hydrogen peroxide content in hemp leaves suggested that the Fe₃O₄ NPs activated the defense system. TEM showed that NPs were abundantly attached to the cell wall and dispersed throughout the root cells. Metabolomics revealed that Fe₃O₄ NPs induced metabolic reprogramming in hemp leaves, including the up-regulation of carbohydrates and organic acids, and down-regulation of antioxidants, especially tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The significantly up-regulated metabolites, including peonidin and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, could be involved in photosynthesis in hemp plants. These results demonstrate the potential of Fe₃O₄ NPs for promoting hemp growth and decreasing the THC content at low doses.     

Does financing constraints impact the Chinese companies’ pollutants emissions? Evidence from a sample selection bias corrected model based on Chinese company-level panel data

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Most Chinese companies face financing constraints and thus lack sufficient funding for operations and investments that would better control their...     

Simultaneous biodegradation of dimethyl sulfide and 1-propanethiol by Pseudomonas putida S-1 and Alcaligenes sp. SY1: “Lag” cause,reduction, and kinetics exploration

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simultaneous biodegradation of malodorous 1-propanethiol (PT) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) by Pseudomonas putida S-1 and Alcaligenes sp. SY1 was...     

PCDD/F removal at low temperatures over vanadium-based catalyst: insight into the superiority of mechanochemical method

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The high toxicity and low volatility of PCDD/Fs prevent detailed study of their catalytic degradation removal characteristics. In this study,...     

Epichlorohydrin Crosslinked 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff Base Chitosan@SrFe12O19 (EP-DBSB-CS@SrFe12O19) Magnetic Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this paper, new epichlorohydrin crosslinked 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff base chitosan@SrFe12O19 magnetic nanocomposite (EP-DBSB-CS@SrFe12O19) was...     

Population dynamics of farmland ladybug resources and dominant species in Nyingchi,Tibet, China北大核心CSCD

捕食性瓢虫是重要的天敌昆虫,有利于害虫的生物防治.为查清西藏林芝地区农田瓢虫资源与种群现状,明确优势种类及种群动态和规律,对林芝不同生态区域的青稞、小麦、油菜3种作物农田开展瓢虫资源调查研究,同时选取固定样地定期进行种群动态分析.结果显示:林芝地区农田瓢虫分为2个亚科4个族10个属,共13种,其中11种为捕食性瓢虫.主要优势瓢虫种类为横斑瓢虫、多异瓢虫、二星瓢虫.其中横斑瓢虫在全部调查样地中均有分布,在农田中总体优势度指数、相对多度为最高.3种优势瓢虫在不同作物中种群动态变化规律存在差异,其中横斑瓢虫虫口密度长期高于其余优势瓢虫,且与蚜虫密度曲线有较为明显的重合现象.横斑瓢虫种群密度峰值主要集中在6月中旬至7月上旬,但在不同作物农田中具体峰值时期存在差异.可见,林芝地区农田不同种类瓢虫之间有较大数量差异,在不同生态区域与作物环境下具有不同的种群特征,但是优势瓢虫种类与种群规律较为明确,可用于农田蚜虫生物防治;结果可为保护当地重要昆虫资源及开展生物防治提供基础数据支撑.(图4表6参23)     

泥石流堆积泛滥区危险度的评价与应用

泥石流堆积泛滥区危险度是指山地沟谷一旦发生泥石流后,在堆积区不同地段泛滥成灾的程度或最大威胁程度.本文探讨了泥石流堆积泛滥区危险度评价的指标体系,划分了四级危险度。应用泥石流二维非恒定流理论建立了危险度评价的数学模型。以云南东川市城区为实例,模拟了100年一遇超标准泥石流泛滥成灾过程,并作出泥石流堆积区的最大流速分布图、最大泥深分布图和危险范围内的危险度分区图.通过数值模拟取得了良好的效果。根据危险度评价结果,提出了该数学模型在减灾中的应用。