Practical field application of a novel BOD monitoring system

A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) monitoring system, based on electrochemically-active bacteria in combination with a microbial fuel cell, has been developed for the purpose of on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring of practical wastewater. A microbial fuel cell that had been enriched with electrochemically-active bacteria was used as the basis of the measurement system. When synthetic wastewater was fed to the system, the current generation pattern and its Coulombic yield were found to be dependent on the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater were established. Real wastewater obtained from a sewage treatment plant also produced a highly linear correlation between the Coulombic yield and BOD5 in the system. To examine on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring capability, the BOD monitoring system was installed at a sewage treatment plant. Over 60 days, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability with the measuring period for a sample being 45 min. This application showed that the application of the measurement system was a rapid and practical way for the determination of BOD5 in water industries.     

秦岭镇旬盆地南羊山组沉积物C/S值与沉积环境

介绍了正常海相硅质细碎屑沉积物有机碳与硫化物硫比值（C／S）的含义。以秦岭镇旬盆地南羊山组不同沉积环境沉积物C／S值为例，讨论了还原环境中活性铁的不足对沉积物C／S值的影响，以及有深部成矿物质参与的沉积物具后期发生流化物化沉积物特征的可能性。     

立窑水泥厂袋式除尘器滤料的选择

立窑水泥厂在主要工艺过程上使用袋式除尘技术治理三种集中排放量最大的大气污染源,针对不同的烟气性质选择不同的滤料,以求取得最佳的治理效果。     

中国垃圾焚烧发电工程的发展历程与趋势

垃圾焚烧技术在我国得到了快速应用。2018年我国垃圾焚烧量达到1.02亿t,占总无害化量的45%,将很快形成"焚烧为主,填埋托底"的垃圾终端处理格局,也还将继续由"能量回收型"向"资源回收型"发展。垃圾焚烧工程不仅在规模上得到了增长,同时在焚烧技术、烟气净化系统和市场竞争形势上也发生了深刻变化。我国垃圾焚烧行业依然存在较多技术痛点和发展瓶颈,可持续发展面临新的挑战和机遇。未来,建议垃圾焚烧企业和行业应探索中小城市（<50万人口）垃圾焚烧推广和盈利模式,响应矿化垃圾开采及焚烧处置需求,补齐垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处置和资源化利用短板;在"提高发电效率,降低厂用电率"等方面提高技术水平和管理能力,加强"邻利"理念引领;积极布局国际市场,重视与高校科研院所的互动,以推动技术创新和技术转移。     

珠江三角洲冲积平原土壤重金属元素含量和来源解析

利用全国地球化学基准计划在珠江三角洲地区的22个点位上采集的44件冲积平原土壤样品,分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8个重金属元素的含量特征,并利用多元统计分析方法和铅同位素示踪技术研究了重金属元素的来源.结果表明,珠三角地区冲积平原土壤8个重金属元素含量均高于全国土壤背景值,Hg在表层土壤中显著富集,As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn在表层土壤的含量略高于深层土壤中含量,Cr、Ni在表层土壤和深层土壤中含量相当.因子分析结果显示,土壤Cu、Cr、Ni主要受地质背景控制,Zn、Cd的高含量既与地质背景有关,也受人类活动影响,As、Pb、Hg的异常则受人为活动影响较严重.富集因子法得出8个重金属元素受人类活动影响程度大小排序为：Hg > As > Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr > Ni,当深层土壤某元素有外源输入时,会导致其富集因子偏低.铅同位素示踪结果显示,表层土壤铅含量与²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb呈显著的负相关关系,根据二元混合模型推测表层土壤中有超过30%的外源铅输入.综合来看,珠三角地区冲积平原土壤Hg、Cd、As、Pb受到较为严重的人为污染.     

应用加载磁絮凝技术处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂多变的高浓度难处理有机废水.本研究采用加载磁絮凝技术对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,并讨论了适宜的磁载体、凝聚剂和絮凝剂的加入量.     

石化企业环境风险评价研究

随着环评的不断发展,环境风险这一问题也日益受到关注,细化石化行业的环境风险评价方法和内容也显得十分必要。本研究结合长庆石化500万吨常压蒸馏装置项目对石化企业进行环境风险的工作程序和方法进行论述,介绍了常压蒸馏的工艺流程,对本项目进行风险识别,源项分析,事故后果预测及分析,风险计算和评价,最后得出了最大风险值,该项目事故风险最大值小于化工行业风险统计值,并且提出事故风险的防范措施和对策及应急预案,以期为石化企业进行环境风险评价提供方法依据。     

对氨基苯磺酸生物降解动力学及降解机制研究

对菌株Pannonibactersp.W1在好氧条件下降解对氨基苯磺酸的动力学进行了研究,发现4-ABS初始浓度为中低浓度(50～1 000 mg/L)时, 14 h内几乎可以完全降解,符合一级降解动力学特征;初始浓度为高浓度(1 200～2 500 mg/L)时,32 h内4-ABS的降解率可达90%以上,且在降解初期符合零级降解动力学特征,而降解后期符合一级降解动力学特征.利用Haldane抑制模型能够很好地拟合不同4-ABS初始浓度下测得的比降解速率,得到模型参数分别为：最大比降解速率μmax=227.977 mg/(g·h),饱和常数K_s=84.306 mg/L,抑制常数Ki=1270.675 mg/L.通过4-ABS降解过程中的紫外扫描和HPLC检测分析,以及菌株W1对不同苯系物的降解能力,说明4-ABS降解过程中几乎没有芳香类中间产物的积累,并初步推测了菌株W1降解4-ABS的代谢途径.     

Thyroid disruption by technical decabromodiphenyl ether （DE-83R） at low concentrations in Xenopus laevis

Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), as a flame retardant, is widely produced and used. To study the thyroid disruption by technical decaBDE at low concentrations, Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed to technical decaBDE mixture DE-83R (1–1000 ng/L) in water from stage 46/47 (free swimming larvae, system of Nieuwkoop and Faber) to stage 62. DE-83R at concentration of 1000 ng/L significantly delayed the time to metamorphosis (presented by forelimb emergence, FLE). Histological examination showed that DE- 83R at all tested concentrations caused histological alterations – multilayer follicular epithelial cell and markedly increased follicle size accompanied by partial colloid depletion and increase in the peripheral colloid vacuolation, in thyroid glands. All tested concentrations of DE-83R also induced a down-regulation of thyroid receptor mRNA expression. These results demonstrated that technical decaBDE disrupted the thyroid system in X. laevis tadpoles. Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (sum of 39 congeners) in X. laevis indicated that mean concentrations of total PBDEs in X. laevis exposed to 1, 10, 100, 1000 ng/L were 11.0, 128.1, 412.1, 1400.2 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Considering that PBDEs burden of X. laevis tadpoles was close to PBDEs levels in amphibians as reported in previous studies, our study has raised new concerns for thyroid disruption in amphibians of technical decaBDE at environmentally relevant concentrations.