碳基材料对污水厂尾水和太湖水体中CDOM的吸附特征

采用颗粒活性炭、粉末活性炭和碳纳米管3种典型碳基材料来吸附太湖水和污水厂尾水中的有机物,考察碳基材料对水中有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的吸附特征。基于荧光光谱和平行因子分析(PARAFAC),提取出C1(腐殖酸类)、C2(色氨酸类蛋白)和C3(酪氨酸类蛋白)3个PARAFAC荧光组分。粉末活性炭和碳纳米管具有发达的中孔孔隙结构,对水中大分子有机物具有较高的吸附容量,颗粒活性炭微孔结构发达反而不利于吸附水中腐殖酸等大分子有机物。粉末活性炭对水中有机物具有最高的吸附速率,对太湖水中荧光组分C1、C2和C3的吸附速率分别为0.278、0.358和0.359min-1,颗粒活性炭的吸附速率明显低于粉末活性炭和碳纳米管。研究结果揭示了水中复杂混合有机物的吸附特征,为吸附工艺参数的优化提供技术参考。     

微波焙烧法与马弗炉焙烧法处理废脱硝催化剂的效果比较

用Na_2CO_3作为助溶剂、Na_2O_2作为消解剂,采用微波焙烧法和马弗炉焙烧法消解处理废钒钨钛脱硝催化剂。通过XRF、BET、XRD和NH_3-TPD技术对两种消解方法制得的钛钨粉样品进行了表征。表征结果显示,与马弗炉焙烧法相比,微波焙烧法得到的钛钨粉纯度更高,TiO_2与WO_3含量之和大于96.7%(w),且该钛钨粉还具有更高的比表面积和酸性,可以作为钒钨钛脱硝催化剂的生产原料再利用。     

In vivo evaluation and comparison of developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of perfluoroalkyl compounds using Xenopus embryos

Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are environmental toxicants that persistently accumulate in human blood. Their widespread detection and accumulation in the environment raise concerns about whether these chemicals might be developmental toxicants and teratogens in ecosystem. We evaluated and compared the toxicity of PFCs of containing various numbers of carbon atoms (C8–11 carbons) on vertebrate embryogenesis. We assessed the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of various PFCs. The toxic effects on Xenopus embryos were evaluated using different methods. We measured teratogenic indices (TIs), and investigated the mechanisms underlying developmental toxicity and teratogenicity by measuring the expression of organ-specific biomarkers such as xPTB (liver), Nkx2.5 (heart), and Cyl18 (intestine). All PFCs that we tested were found to be developmental toxicants and teratogens. Their toxic effects were strengthened with increasing length of the fluorinated carbon chain. Furthermore, we produced evidence showing that perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFuDA) are more potent developmental toxicants and teratogens in an animal model compared to the other PFCs we evaluated [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)]. In particular, severe defects resulting from PFDA and PFuDA exposure were observed in the liver and heart, respectively, using whole mount in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, pathologic analysis of the heart, and dissection of the liver. Our studies suggest that most PFCs are developmental toxicants and teratogens, however, compounds that have higher numbers of carbons (i.e., PFDA and PFuDA) exert more potent effects.     

羟基磷灰石除氟滤料的吸附平衡及动力学

羟基磷灰石(HAP)是一种高容量、环保型饮用水除氟材料。以氢氧化钙和磷酸为原料采用沉淀法合成了羟基磷灰石,并用红外光谱和XRD图谱进行了表征。研究了接触时间、pH值和温度等因素对羟基磷灰石吸附氟性能的影响。通过对吸附过程中的热力学动力学参数的计算来判断吸附的实质过程。研究结果表明,60 min以内吸附速率较快,在约70 min时吸附过程趋于平衡;酸性环境中的吸附效果要比在碱性环境中要好;升高温度有利于吸附的进行。吸附过程更符合Langmuir吸附模型,说明化学吸附占主导地位;吸附过程是一个自发的吸热过程,其中ΔGo<0,ΔHo为13.10 kJ/mol,Ea为15.24 kJ/mol,ΔSo为31.42 J/(mol.K);吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型。     

运城市水污染控制与污水资源化对策

水环境污染与水资源紧缺是制约运城市建设与发展的两大重要因素。分析了运城市水污染现状与特征,提出了通过调整产业结构与布局、建立与完善地方法规和政策支持体系、加强综合协调与监督管理、加大科技投入及完善市场化运行机制等手段和措施防治与控制运城市水污染,实现污水资源化。     

废弃啤酒酵母吸附水中酸性湖蓝A的实验研究

以废弃啤酒酵母作为吸附剂,研究了不同条件下吸附水中酸性湖蓝A(ATBA)的特性,并对吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明:溶液pH值对ATBA的吸附有显著影响,最佳pH值为2.0;废弃啤酒酵母吸附ATBA是一个快速的过程,40 min即到达平衡,随着初始浓度的增加,吸附量越大,吸附达到平衡所需的时间越长,动力学数据较好地符合拟二级动力学方程;ATBA在废弃啤酒酵母上的平衡吸附较好地符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量随着温度的升高而增加,在40℃时达最大8.468×10-4mol/g(585.14 mg/g);吸附过程是一个自发、吸热的过程;废弃啤酒酵母上氨基、酰胺基、羧基和磷酸基在吸附ATBA的过程中起主要作用。     

有机-无机复合膨润土的制备及其对磷吸附特性研究

新型绿色表面活性剂C12烷基多糖苷季铵盐表面活性剂和AlCl3·6H2O作为改性剂对膨润土进行改性,制备新型环保无机-有机复合吸附剂,并将其用于含磷废水的处理,考察了A1Cl3·6H2O投加量、有机改性剂用量、改性膨润土的投加量、反应时间及pH等因素对除磷效果的影响。结果表明,经8 mmol/g(Al/膨润土)的AlC...     

蒸馏预处理和温度对纳氏试剂比色法测量氨氮结果的影响

在采用纳氏试剂比色法测氨氮时,水样的预处理和温度直接影响到结果的准确性.通过试验对蒸馏预处理的馏出液量做敏感性分析,并分析温度对纳氏试剂显色反应的影响.结果表明:在蒸馏预处理中,水样在馏出液体积量达到70～100 mL(不含初始的50 mL硼酸)时氨氮已被蒸馏完全,无需再按国标(GB 7479-87)要求使馏出液达到150 mL; 温度控制在25 ～27℃时,纳氏试剂显色完全,读取的吸光度最可靠.此成果不仅可以使工作效率得以提高,而且确保了测量数据的准确性.     

2010年国际职业安全防护展会信息

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Exploring antibiotic resistance genes,mobile gene elements,and virulence gene factors in an urban freshwater samples using metagenomic analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antimicrobial resistance elements (AMR) are novel environmental contaminants that pose a significant risk to...