新疆阿克苏地区地下水优先控制污染物的确定

为确定新疆阿克苏地区地下水优先控制污染物,结合潜在危害指数法和综合评分法对新疆阿克苏地区地下水中9项评价指标进行了优先控制污染物筛选,利用GIS软件分析了阿克苏地区地下水优先控制污染物的空间分布规律,并将地下水中各优先控制污染物与土地利用类型在空间上进行叠加,结合土地利用类型与主成因分析法确定了阿克苏地区地下水优先控制...     

电石渣-石膏湿法烟气脱硫废水处理工艺研究

电石渣-石膏湿法脱硫废水与石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫废水存在差异,主要体现在悬浮物与COD较难去除,采用在中和池添加助凝剂与曝气池添加氧化剂的方法,可在沿用石灰石法脱硫废水处理工艺设计的前提下达到对电石渣法脱硫废水的良好处理效果。     

太湖湖表反照率时空特征及影响因子

湖表反照率是影响水-气界面能量平衡和水体内部光温环境的重要因子,受到太阳高度角、云量、风速和水质等环境因子的多重影响.基于太湖中尺度涡度通量网4个涡度通量观测站点(梅梁湾、大浦口、避风港和小雷山)的辐射和风速资料,结合晴空指数和水质数据,分析上述因子对太湖湖表反照率的影响及太湖湖表反照率空间差异的原因.主要结果为:太阳高度角是控制湖表反照率日变化、季节变化的主要因子;太阳高度角低于35°且当晴空指数在0~0.1和0.4~0.6之间时湖表反照率出现高值.反照率值呈现随风速、浊度和叶绿素a浓度升高而增大的趋势,而风浪通过影响浅水湖泊浊度、叶绿素a浓度从而间接影响湖表反照率.各站点湖表反照率关系为:小雷山避风港大浦口梅梁湾,其中小雷山站位于草型和藻型湖区过渡区而梅梁湾站位于藻型湖区.反照率与叶绿素a浓度水平之间的关系对蓝藻暴发及其严重程度并不敏感.本研究为湖体反照率的参数化过程提供参考依据.     

小型池塘水-气界面CH4冒泡通量的观测

为了量化亚热带浅水养殖塘CH_4冒泡通量占CH_4总通量的比例,选取安徽省全椒县两个小型池塘为研究对象,采用倒置漏斗法和顶空平衡法,自2016年7月28日至8月13日观测夏季水-气界面的CH_4通量.结果表明,两个池塘CH_4冒泡通量分别是121.78 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)和161.08 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),CH_4扩散通量分别是3.38 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)和3.79 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),CH_4冒泡通量占总通量比例分别是97.5%和96.4%.CH_4冒泡通量具有高度空间异质性,A塘CH_4冒泡通量的变化范围为0.11~446.90 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),B塘CH_4冒泡通量变化范围为0.05~607.51 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1).两个池塘的气体冒泡速率都是白天高于夜间,主要受风速控制.对于较浅的池塘,在小时尺度上,CH_4冒泡通量的主要影响因素是风速;在日尺度上,CH_4冒泡通量的主要影响因素是风速和水深,其中CH_4冒泡通量与风速呈正相关关系,与水深呈负相关关系.不同纬度的水体CH_4冒泡通量不同,中纬度地区的淡水环境比高纬度地区CH_4冒泡通量更高.通过观测手段量化小型浅水池塘CH_4冒泡通量,可以为准确估算内陆水体对区域和全球碳循环的贡献提供数据支持和理论参考.     

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteriophage f2 by Cu-TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of humic acid

Pathogenic viruses in drinking water are great threats to public health. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising technology for virus inactivation. However, the existing photocatalytic antiviral research studies have mostly been carried out in single-component systems, neglecting the effect of natural organic matter, which exists widely in actual water bodies. In this paper, electrospun Cu-TiO₂ nanofibers were prepared as photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic antiviral performance in the presence of humic acid (HA) was comprehensively studied for the first time. The properties of the reaction mixture were measured during the reaction. In addition, the safety, reliability and stability of photocatalytic disinfection in the mixed system were evaluated. The results showed that the virus removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the HA concentration. The type of reaction solution, such as PBS buffer solution or water, did not affect the removal efficiency noticeably. Under acidic conditions, the electrostatic forces between photocatalysts and viruses were strengthened, leading to higher virus removal efficiency. As the reaction time went on, the pH value in the solution increased first and then tended to be stable, the conductivity remained stable, and the dissolved oxygen increased first and then decreased. The safety test showed that the concentration of Cu ions released into the solution was lower than specified by the international standards. No photoreactivation was observed, and the addition of HA significantly reduced the reutilization efficiency of the photocatalysts.     

金属飞片对EFI起爆能量的影响

目的降低EFI的发火能量,研究非金属飞片与金属飞片在EFI中的应用。方法采用飞片材料匹配的方法,并选择金属Al与金属Ti,开展金属飞片的设计与制备,得到Al-PI与Ti-PI的金属飞片以及金属飞片-爆炸桥箔metallic flyer,并开展发火摸底试验。结果在不额外对金属飞片进行绝缘处理的情况下,含有金属飞片的EFI均未发火;对金属飞片进行绝缘处理后,含有金属飞片的EFI均可靠发火。采用光子多普勒测速仪(PDV)进行的飞片速度测试结果表明,在充电电压为1200 V时,Ti-PI金属飞片的速度为3604 m/s,金属飞片-爆炸桥箔一体化换能元速度为2986m/s。结论同样的发火电压下,金属飞片-爆炸桥箔一体化换能元的金属飞片速度明显小于绝缘层较厚的金属飞片速度。     

基于不同排放清单的长三角人为CO2排放模拟

目前基于排放清单估算的区域和城市尺度上的人为CO₂排放不确定性较大.为了我国实现碳达峰和碳中和的目标,亟需对我国的区域尺度,特别是大城市群的人为CO₂排放进行准确估算.分别利用两种先验人为CO₂排放数据(EDGAR v6.0清单和EDGAR v6.0联合GCG v1.0的改进清单)作为输入数据,采用WRF-STILT大气传输模型模拟长三角地区2017年12月至2018年2月大气CO₂摩尔分数,再以安徽全椒高塔观测的大气CO₂摩尔分数作为参考值,通过贝叶斯反演方法得到的比例因子改进了模拟结果,并实现了长三角人为CO₂排放通量的估算.结果表明：(1)在冬季,相对于基于EDGAR v6.0模拟的大气CO₂摩尔分数值而言,基于改进清单模拟的大气CO₂摩尔分数与观测值更为一致;(2)模拟的大气CO₂摩尔分数在夜间高于观测值,白天则相反,主要因为排放清单的CO₂排放数据不能表征人为...     

Catalytic amination and dechlorination of para-nitrochlorobenzene (p-NCB) in water over palladium-iron bimetallic catalyst

Chemical treatment of para-nitrochlorobenzene (p-NCB) by palladium/iron (Pd/Fe) bimetallic particles represents one of the latest innovative technologies for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. The amination and dechlorination reaction is believed to take place predominantly on the surface site of the Pd/Fe catalysts. The p-NCB was first transformed to p-chloroaniline (p-CAN) then quickly reduced to aniline. 100% of p-NCB was removed in 30 min when bimetallic Pd/Fe particles with 0.03% Pd at the Pd/Fe mass concentration of 3g 75 ml(-1) were used. The p-NCB removal efficiency and the subsequent dechlorination rate increased with the increase of bulk loading of palladium and Pd/Fe. As expected, p-NCB removal efficiency increased with temperature as well. In particular, the removal efficiency of p-NCB was measured to be 67%, 79%, 80%, 90% and 100% for reaction temperature 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Our results show that no other intermediates were generated besides Cl(-), p-CAN and aniline during the catalytic amination and dechlorination of p-NCB.     

Modeling lead bioavailability and bioaccumulation by Lumbriculus variegatus using artificial particles. Potential use in chemical remediation processes

Artificial particles, specifically a diverse selection of chromatographical resins, have been recommended and used as a useful experimental model to predict the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of sediment-bound organic chemicals. In this work the same experimental model was adopted to investigate the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of lead by the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Particle-water partition coefficients were also determined. Sand particles and the anionic exchange resin promoted a similar uptake and bioaccumulation of lead. Instead, in the presence of the cationic exchanger the metal was not detected in the animals. For neutral particles, the uptake and accumulation depended on the chemistry of the functional groups at the active sites. In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between bioaccumulation and the particle-water partition coefficients. These studies may help to develop alternative methods for chemical remediation of lead-contaminated aquatic systems.     

亚硝态氮胁迫下菲律宾蛤仔实时定量P CR内参基因的筛选

为了更好地从基因角度研究亚硝态氮对贝类的生态毒性,需要筛选一个合适的内参基因作为参考,对其毒性相关基因进行定量表达分析。本研究以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)作为研究对象,以亚硝态氮胁迫的鳃组织cDNA作为模板,利用geNorm软件和NormFinder软件对6个候选内参基因进行表达稳定性分析,并对2个结果做了综合赋权分析。结果显示,geNorm分析的基因表达稳定性结果为ActinCyPAEF1αUbi18STubu,NormFinder软件分析的结果为ActinUbiCyPAEF1α18STubu,最后经加权赋值法综合分析获得6个候选基因的表达稳定性为ActinCyPAUbiEF1α18STubu,即Actin为表达最稳定的基因。因此,Actin可以作为衡量亚硝态氮胁迫后菲律宾蛤仔鳃组织中基因表达的内参基因。