Influence of organoboron cross-linker and reservoir characteristics on filtration and reservoir residual of guar gum fracturing fluid in low-permeability shale gas reservoirs

To effectively reduce the filtration rate of water-based fracturing fluid and promote the pressure holding effect of fracturing fluid in underground unconventional reservoirs, an efficient and clean organic-boron cross-linker was synthesized with boric acid and low alcohols. The results obtained that the synthesized organoboron cross-linker exhibits better fluid loss performance to water-based fracturing fluid than the commercially available cross-linker. This organoboron cross-linker allowed decreasing filtration coefficient more than 0.74?×?10^–2 m³·min^1/2 as a result of the network structure formed by the organoboron cross-linker and guar gum molecule. However, commercially available cross-linker exhibits a relatively large filtered mass of water more than 1.33?×?10^–2 m³·min^1/2 at the same condition. Meanwhile, the cross-linked guar gum fracturing fluid can significantly improve the fluid loss property with the increase of cross-linker content and pressure, and an increased fluid filtration gradually was revealed with increasing the reservoir temperature and current speed. Moreover, the damage of shale reservoir caused by the prepared boron cross-linker was only 11%, which was lower than 18% of the commercial boron cross-linker under the same conditions.

     

石家庄市PM_（2.5）的污染现状及防控对策

通过对石家庄市PM2.524 h质量浓度监测结果的分析,发现PM2.5的污染指数范围是84~242,污染指数最高点出现在高新区,最低点出现在封龙山。导致PM2.5高污染指数的影响因素有气象、地理、机动车保有量和石家庄工业结构。因此从减少扬尘、控制机动车尾气排放量、工业污染防治、环保及气象部门协作等方面提出了PM2.5的防控对策。     

引江济太对太湖贡湖湾氧化亚氮通量的影响

选取引江济太工程中长江来水进入太湖第一站的贡湖湾为研究对象,基于2011年11月~2013年8月在贡湖湾的逐月野外调查,同时以湖心水域为参考,探讨引江济太对湖体N₂O通量的影响.结果表明,贡湖湾N₂O排放通量要显著高于湖心排放量,其N₂O通量均值分别为6.9,2.1μmol/（m²·d）,但在非引水期间2个湖区的N₂O通量无显著差异.贡湖湾和湖心N₂O通量呈现明显的季节变化,且均与水温呈显著负相关关系,但因受外源来水的影响,贡湖湾N₂O通量的温度依赖程度相对较低.另外,2个湖区的N₂O通量还与营养盐等因素有关.总体上,外源引水提高了贡湖湾N₂O排放通量,但考虑到湖泊N₂O通量受到内部和外部因子的综合协同影响,外源引水对湖泊N₂O通量的具体调控机理还需要进一步探讨.     

北京市2018年春季一次沙尘回流过程的污染特征

通过监测数据分析,结合轨迹模拟和特征雷达图的分析结果,对2018年4月14~19日北京出现的一次沙尘天气过程进行分析.结果显示：依据ρ（PM_2.5）和ρ（PM₁₀）及其比值PM_2.5/PM₁₀[ρ（PM_2.5）/ρ（PM₁₀）,下同]的变化情况,此次沙尘过程可分为沙尘期、中间期、回流期和回流后期4个典型时期.沙尘期ρ（PM₁₀）平均值达到（278.5±83.7）μg/m³,明显高于回流期和回流后期,回流后期ρ（PM_2.5）平均值达到（135.5±16.9）μg/m³,明显高于回流期和沙尘期.沙尘期逐小时PM_2.5/PM₁₀<0.2,回流期和回流后期PM_2.5/PM₁₀比值分别介于0.3~0.6和0.5~0.8范围内.SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺等（SNA）水溶性离子沙尘期浓度占比仅为7.3%±2.5%,沙尘回流期和回流后期SNA占比分别增长至47.0%±6.3%和51.3%±5.7%.研究表明,受天气系统影响,回流沙尘可裹挟南部的细颗粒和气态污染物输送到北京后发生累积和二次转化,从而推高PM_2.5浓度,因此发生沙尘回流时,区域内应加强一次污染物排放的管控力度,同时北京市需进一步加强机动车氮氧化物的排放监管.     

Study on the migration mechanisms of water-soluble agents in high-pressure rotary jetting remediation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High-pressure rotary jetting (HPRJ) remediation is a recent-applied technology for in situ remediation of contaminated soils. The effectiveness of...