Influence of organoboron cross-linker and reservoir characteristics on filtration and reservoir residual of guar gum fracturing fluid in low-permeability shale gas reservoirs

To effectively reduce the filtration rate of water-based fracturing fluid and promote the pressure holding effect of fracturing fluid in underground unconventional reservoirs, an efficient and clean organic-boron cross-linker was synthesized with boric acid and low alcohols. The results obtained that the synthesized organoboron cross-linker exhibits better fluid loss performance to water-based fracturing fluid than the commercially available cross-linker. This organoboron cross-linker allowed decreasing filtration coefficient more than 0.74?×?10^–2 m³·min^1/2 as a result of the network structure formed by the organoboron cross-linker and guar gum molecule. However, commercially available cross-linker exhibits a relatively large filtered mass of water more than 1.33?×?10^–2 m³·min^1/2 at the same condition. Meanwhile, the cross-linked guar gum fracturing fluid can significantly improve the fluid loss property with the increase of cross-linker content and pressure, and an increased fluid filtration gradually was revealed with increasing the reservoir temperature and current speed. Moreover, the damage of shale reservoir caused by the prepared boron cross-linker was only 11%, which was lower than 18% of the commercial boron cross-linker under the same conditions.

     

手性农药丁氟螨酯对斑马鱼胚胎的选择性发育毒性

近年来丁氟螨酯（CYF）对非靶标生物的发育毒性已成为一个值得关注的问题,但其对水生生物的对映选择性效应尚不清晰.为评估丁氟螨酯对斑马鱼胚胎的对映选择性毒性,通过96 h的暴露试验,研究了梯度浓度的丁氟螨酯消旋体及对映体对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性.此外,试验还研究了丁氟螨酯对斑马鱼胚胎孵化率、卵黄囊水肿、心包囊水肿和身体弯曲的影响.根据急性毒性结果可知,毒性大小为S-CYF > Rac-CYF > R-CYF,其中S-CYF的毒性是R-CYF的2.3倍.72 hpf,500 mg·L^-1的S-CYF可显著诱导胚胎产生卵黄囊水肿（YSE）、体轴弯曲（CB）等畸形效应（p<0.05）,而Rac-CYF降低了斑马鱼胚胎的孵化成功率.在本研究中发育毒性效应结果与急性毒性结果一致,均为S-CYF > Rac-CYF > R-CYF,表明丁氟螨酯对斑马鱼胚胎存在显著的对映选择性发育毒性,研究结果为丁氟螨酯的环境风险评估提供了理论依据.     

DOM对沉积物悬浮颗粒吸附铜的促进作用及机制

沉积物悬浮颗粒对重金属吸附是重金属在湖泊中迁移的关键环节,受到多种环境条件的影响.为了探究溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter,DOM）对沉积物悬浮颗粒吸附Cu （Ⅱ）的影响及作用机制,通过室内模拟沉积物悬浮液进行Cu （Ⅱ）吸附试验.结果表明,两种DOM （富里酸和沉积物DOM）不同程度地促进了Cu （Ⅱ）在悬浮颗粒上的吸附;吸附48 h后,吸附百分比从71.51%分别提高到了75.31%和85.69%.扫描电子显微镜-能谱结果显示,在DOM的影响下,Cu （Ⅱ）被吸附后存在于沉积物颗粒内部.紫外-可见光谱技术分析结果表明,在吸附反应过程中,Cu （Ⅱ）与DOM存在先络合后解离的过程.荧光激发发射矩阵结合平行因子分析、同步荧光光谱结合二维相关分析的结果表明,类蛋白组分能够促进Cu （Ⅱ）在沉积物悬浮颗粒上的吸附,其中类酪氨酸组分在促进Cu （Ⅱ）被沉积物颗粒吸附沉淀过程中优先发挥作用,而类腐殖酸组分几乎没有促进吸附作用.完善了湖泊重金属迁移的相关理论,为沉积物重金属污染防治提供了一定的依据.     

Study on the migration mechanisms of water-soluble agents in high-pressure rotary jetting remediation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High-pressure rotary jetting (HPRJ) remediation is a recent-applied technology for in situ remediation of contaminated soils. The effectiveness of...