We examined the daily inorganic arsenic (i-As) intake from drinking water and rice in 45 households (75 individuals) in the An Giang province, Southern Vietnam. The daily i-As intake ranged from 28-102 μg d(-1), equivalent to the daily dose of 0.6-1.9 μg d(-1) kg((body wt))(-1). Increased As concentrations were observed in human hair in the study location. Approximately 67% (n = 44), 42% (n = 28), and 15% (n = 10) of the hair samples had As levels exceeding 1, 3, and 10 μg g(-1), respectively. The total As concentrations in female and male hair correlated well with the total daily i-As intake. Measurement of As concentrations in the hair of people who were consuming or had previously consumed As from contaminated sources may help predict the onset of negative health effects. We suggested an application of the Bayes's theorem to calculate the probability that an individual in a population will acquire a negative health effect, given that the concentration of arsenic in the subject's hair has been determined. 相似文献
This research analyses energy intensity of transport service sectors in Vietnam and its changing trend in the past years using IO tables and LMDI decomposition method. Energy consumption of 38 economic sectors in 2007, 2012 and 2018 is determined, of which transport service sectors were the second largest energy consumer (17.71 Mtoe), occupied 18.5% of total energy consumed in Vietnamese economy in 2018. In terms of energy intensity, a rising trend is seen in all transport service sectors, of which four most important transport services including bus and other road passenger transport, freight transport service by road and pipeline, waterway shipping freight and aviation passenger reached 0.62 kgoe/USD, 0.72 kgoe/USD, 0.60 kgoe/USD and 0.62 kgoe/USD in 2018, respectively. The ineffective structural change and ineffective energy intensity change are the reasons behind the upward trend in these sectors. Using Leontief inverse, the study also unveils how demanded on transport services by other economic sectors in terms of energy and how much energy embodied in all inputs of any economic sector. In order to keep the energy intensity stable and gradually decreasing, the recommendations are focused on effectiveness in structural changes and improvements in energy efficiency.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Concentrations and congener profiles of seven di- to hexachlorinated benzenes (CBzs) were characterized in bottom ash and fly ash samples collected... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry) model is implemented and validated against ground-based observations for meteorological... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Composting process of residual organic material generates considerable amounts of liquid leachate which contains high organic load. This waste stream... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Currently, the considerable decline in fossil fuel resources and the high rise in vehicle emissions have prompted researchers and governments to... 相似文献
In view of the development of miniaturized sensor arrays, a solid-contact ammonium ion selective electrode has been investigated. A conductive polypyrrole film was electrochemicallydeposited on a glassy carbon surface and used as an internal solid contact layer between the sensing membrane and solid electrode surface. A systematic evaluation of the importantparameters affecting the electromotive force (emf) response ispresented. The performances of this solid-contact sensor were verified using a batch-mode measurement setup and a wall-jet flow cell system. The designed sensor exhibited excellent selectivity for the primary ion and a linear response over the pNH4+ range 1–5 with a slope of 56.3 mV decade-1. The sensor has a fast response and is relativelyrobustness, and was also used to determine ammonium concentrations in natural waters, with promising results. 相似文献
ABSTRACTTime-series and machine-learning methods are being strongly exploited to improve the accuracy of short-term load forecasting (STLF) results. In developing countries, power consumption behaviors could be suddenly changed by different customers, e.g. industrial customers, residential customers, so the load-demand dataset is often unstable. Therefore, reliability assessment of the load-demand dataset is obviously necessary for STLF models. Hence, this paper proposes a novel and unified statistical data-filtering method with the best confidence interval to eliminate unexpected noises/outliers of the input dataset before performing various short-term load forecasting models. This proposed novel data-filtering method, so-called the data pre-processing method, is also compared to other existing data-filtering methods (e.g. Kalman filter, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, Wavelet transform, and Singular Spectrum Analysis). By using an SCADA system?-based database of a typical 22kV distribution network in Vietnam, NYISO database, and PJM-RTO database, case studies of short-term load forecasting have been conducted with a conventional ARIMA model, an ANN forecasting model, an LSTM-RNN model, an LSTM-CNN combined model, a deep auto-encoder (DAE) network, a Wavenet-based model, a Wavenet and LSTM hybrid model, and a Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) model, which are to validate the novel and unified statistical data-filtering method proposed. The achieved numerical results demonstrate which the accuracy of the aforementioned STLF models can be significantly improved due to the proposed statistical data-filtering method with the best confidence interval of the input load dataset. The proposed statistical data-filtering method can considerably outperform the existing data-filtering methods. 相似文献
In contrast to flying insects, in which distance estimation is visually mediated, self-induced image motion and use of familiar landmarks are known to play a minor role in ants. Here we show that strictly diurnal Cataglyphis cursor ants can gauge with accuracy the distance they have travelled even in complete darkness in the absence of any other cues, i.e. chemical or protocounting information. Thus, an ants odometer is a vision-independent system based on proprioceptive cues, implicating some form of step counting, which remain to be elucidated. 相似文献