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The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of eliminating phenol from wastewater via biodegradation. In the first part, the kinetics of bacterial degradation (Alcaligenes xylosoxidans ssp denitrificans and Xanthomonas maltophilia) of phenol is discussed. Haldane kinetic equations better fit the experimental kinetic data than does using the Monod equation. The second part of the paper is devoted to mathematical modelling of air lift bioreactors to calculate the degradation of phenol. The calculations show the fractional conversion of phenol is over than 99% using an air lift 2 m reactor. 相似文献
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Degradation of the fungicide difenoconazole was examined in a silt loam soil under controlled conditions (60% WHC, 30 degrees C) in the laboratory. Difenoconazole was applied at 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg(-1) dry soil, respectively. The experiments were run with non-pretreated and pretreated field soil, respectively, partly mixed with easily decomposable organic matter (leaf powder). In all experiments, degradation curves showed a sigmoidal shape with clear acclimation phases. Pretreatment with difenoconazole in the field decreased the acclimation phases, DT(50)- and, in some cases, DT(90)-values. The incorporation of easily decomposable organic matter decreased both DT(50)- and DT(90)-values and increased the general microbial activity significantly. We conclude that difenoconazole is metabolized by an acclimated part of the soil microflora. However, the degradation seems to be stimulated in the presence of suitable co-substrates. 相似文献
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Michel Schalk Marie-Agnès Pierrel Alfred Zimmerlin Yannick Batard Francis Durst Danièle Werck-Reichhart 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1997,4(4):229-234
The ability of a plant cytochrome P450 to bind and metabolise plant endogenous molecules and xenobiotics was investigated.
The work was performed on the yeast-expressed CYP73A1, a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase isolated fromHelianthus tuberosus. CYP73 controls the general phenylpropanoid pathway and is likely to be one of the most abundant sources of P450 in the biosphere.
The enzyme shows a high selectivity toward plant secondary metabolites. Nevertheless, it oxygenates several small and planar
xenobiotics with low efficiency, including an herbicide (chlorotoluron). One xenobiotic molecule, 2naphthoic acid, is hydroxylated
with an efficiency comparable to that of the physiological substrate. This reaction was used to devise a fluorimetric test
for the rapid measurement of enzyme activity. A series of herbicidal molecules (hydroxybenzonitriles) are shown to bind the
active site without being metabolised. These molecules behave as strong competitive inhibitors of CYP73 with a Ki in the same micromolar range as the Km for the physiological substrate. It is proposed that their inhibition of the phenylpropanoid pathway reinforces their other
phytotoxic effects at the level of the chloroplasts. All our results indicate a strong reciprocal interaction between plant
P450s and xenobiotics. 相似文献
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Reginatto Cleomar Cecchin Iziquiel Salvagni Heineck Karla Thomé Antonio Reddy Krishna R. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(9):9288-9296
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Contaminated clay soils pose problems to public health and the environment in several parts of the world. Very little is known about the transport of... 相似文献
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Jaffrezic A Jardé E Pourcher AM Gourmelon M Caprais MP Heddadj D Cottinet P Bilal M Derrien M Marti R Mieszkin S 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(3):959-968
Fecal contamination of water resources is evaluated by the enumeration of the fecal coliforms and Enterococci. However, the enumeration of these indicators does not allow us to differentiate between the sources of fecal contamination. Therefore, it is important to use alternative indicators of fecal contamination to identify livestock contamination in surface waters. The concentration of fecal indicators (, enteroccoci, and F-specific bacteriophages), microbiological markers (Rum-2-bac, Pig-2-bac, and ), and chemical fingerprints (sterols and stanols and other chemical compounds analyzed by 3D-fluorescence excitation-matrix spectroscopy) were determined in runoff waters generated by an artificial rainfall simulator. Three replicate plot experiments were conducted with swine slurry and cattle manure at agronomic nitrogen application rates. Low amounts of bacterial indicators (1.9-4.7%) are released in runoff water from swine-slurry-amended soils, whereas greater amounts (1.1-28.3%) of these indicators are released in runoff water from cattle-manure-amended soils. Microbial and chemical markers from animal manure were transferred to runoff water, allowing discrimination between swine and cattle fecal contamination in the environment via runoff after manure spreading. Host-specific bacterial and chemical markers were quantified for the first time in runoff waters samples after the experimental spreading of swine slurry or cattle manure. 相似文献