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991.
This paper addresses the compatibility of World Bank policies towards population growth, development and biodiversity in the Third World. The World Bank has been central to the design and implementation of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the remit of which includes the conservation of global biodiversity. However, the Bank's influence over the facility has in itself created controversy which may undermine its effectiveness. More significantly, the Bank's commitment to the GEF is subverted by its policies in other social and economic sectors. The World Bank, together with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), directs the structural adjustment of Third World economies through economic deregulation and privatization. This approach exacerbates inequalities and further empowers large landowners who may then displace tenant farmers and claim exclusive rights to former common land. Thus, biodiversity loss occurs as large landowners reorientate the land use towards the production of export goods and dispossessed farmers invade marginal land. Population growth influences biodiversity loss through its contribution to agricultural intensification and the settlement of marginal land. The World Bank encourages this trend through its non-committal approach to population control, but more especially through structural adjustment's positive effect on fertility. 相似文献
992.
993.
In this article we present a framework for assessing climate change impacts on water and watershed systems to support management
decision-making. The framework addresses three issues complicating assessments of climate change impacts—linkages across spatial
scales, linkages across temporal scales, and linkages across scientific and management disciplines. A major theme underlying
the framework is that, due to current limitations in modeling capabilities, assessing and responding to climate change should
be approached from the perspective of risk assessment and management rather than as a prediction problem. The framework is
based generally on ecological risk assessment and similar approaches. A second theme underlying the framework is the need
for close collaboration among climate scientists, scientists interested in assessing impacts, and resource managers and decision
makers. A case study illustrating an application of the framework is also presented that provides a specific, practical example
of how the framework was used to assess the impacts of climate change on water quality in a mid-Atlantic, U.S., watershed. 相似文献
994.
Thomas S. Maddock Walter G. Hines 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(2):317-329
ABSTRACT: Most southwestern cities were founded along rivers or in areas having springs or readily available ground water. Because of the generally sparse precipitation, the renewable fresh water supply in the Southwest is smaller than most other areas of the United States. Despite the arid climate, water use has increased rapidly, first in the form of irrigation, and more recently the use in cities. This has caused extensive development of local water resources and overdraft of ground water basins in some areas. It is difficult to implement new local supplies and importation projects due to a myriad of environmental and legal constraints and a general shortage of public funds. Various opportunities and plans for water management, both on the demand and supply sides, are discussed. Evolving water strategies in four metropolitan areas - El Paso, Albuquerque, Las Vegas, and Phoenix - and issues regarding the Central Arizona Project are presented. 相似文献
995.
Marine Elbakidze Thomas Hahn Volker Mauerhofer Per Angelstam Robert Axelsson 《Ambio》2013,42(2):174-187
The Biosphere Reserve (BR) concept aims at encouraging sustainable development (SD) towards sustainability on the ground by promoting three core functions: conservation, development, and logistic support. Sweden and Ukraine exemplify the diverse governance contexts that BRs need to cope with. We assessed how the BR concept and its core functions are captured in national legislations. The results show that the core functions are in different ways reflected in legal documents in both countries. While in Ukraine the BR concept is incorporated into legislation, in Sweden the concept is used as a soft law. In Ukraine managers desired stronger legal enforcement, while in Sweden managers avoided emphasis on legislation when collaborating with local stakeholders. Hence, BR implementation have adapted to different political cultures by development of diverse approaches. We conclude that a stronger legal support might not be needed for BRs, rather SD needs to be recognized as an integrated place-based process at multiple levels. 相似文献
996.
Cécile Courdier John Boudjarane Valérie Malan Christine Muti Brian Sperelakis-Beedham Sylvie Odent Sylvie Jaillard Chloé Quelin Cédric Le Caignec Olivier Patat Charlotte Dubucs Sophie Julia Caroline Schluth-Bolard Carole Goumy Sylvia Redon Jean-Baptiste Gaillard Minh Tuan Huynh Céline Dupont Anne-Claude Tabet Guillaume Cogan François Vialard Rodolphe Dard Guillaume Jedraszak Florence Jobic Mathilde Lefebvre Geneviève Quenum Saori Inai Mélanie Rama Fanny Sauvestre Frédéric Coatleven Julie Thomas Caroline Rooryck 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(6):734-745
997.
Manikandan Balakrishnan Thomas Alen Mariyam Shetye Suhas Suresh Balamurugan Sadaiappan Mohandass Chellandi Nandakumar Kunuyil 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(47):66998-67010
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Macroalgae supersede corals in the reefs worldwide, converting the coral-dominant systems into algal-dominant ones. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)... 相似文献
998.
Kristen C. Ruegg Ryan J. Harrigan James F. Saracco Thomas B. Smith Caz M. Taylor 《Conservation biology》2020,34(6):1482-1491
Migratory animals are declining worldwide and coordinated conservation efforts are needed to reverse current trends. We devised a novel genoscape-network model that combines genetic analyses with species distribution modeling and demographic data to overcome challenges with conceptualizing alternative risk factors in migratory species across their full annual cycle. We applied our method to the long distance, Neotropical migratory bird, Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla). Despite a lack of data from some wintering locations, we demonstrated how the results can be used to help prioritize conservation of breeding and wintering areas. For example, we showed that when genetic, demographic, and network modeling results were considered together it became clear that conservation recommendations will differ depending on whether the goal is to preserve unique genetic lineages or the largest number of birds per unit area. More specifically, if preservation of genetic lineages is the goal, then limited resources should be focused on preserving habitat in the California Sierra, Basin Rockies, or Coastal California, where the 3 most vulnerable genetic lineages breed, or in western Mexico, where 2 of the 3 most vulnerable lineages overwinter. Alternatively, if preservation of the largest number of individuals per unit area is the goal, then limited conservation dollars should be placed in the Pacific Northwest or Central America, where densities are estimated to be the highest. Overall, our results demonstrated the utility of adopting a genetically based network model for integrating multiple types of data across vast geographic scales and better inform conservation decision-making for migratory animals. 相似文献
999.
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The characteristics of large- and small-scale turbulent motions at roof-level in a street canyon flow were experimentally investigated along with their... 相似文献
1000.