An in situ postexposure feeding assay with Carcinus maenas for estuarine sediment-overlying water toxicity evaluations

This study developed and evaluated a short-term sublethal in situ toxicity assay for estuarine sediment-overlying waters, with the crab Carcinus maenas (L.) based on postexposure feeding. It consisted of a 48-h in situ exposure period followed by a short postexposure feeding period (30 min). A precise method for quantifying feeding, using the Polychaeta Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor Müller as food source, was first developed. The sensitivity of the postexposure feeding response was verified by comparing it to that of lethality, upon cadmium exposure. The influence of environmental conditions prevailing during exposure (salinity, temperature, substrate, light regime, and food availability) on postexposure feeding was also addressed. The potential of this in situ assay was then investigated by deploying organisms at ten sites, located in reference and contaminated Portuguese estuaries. Organism recovery ranged between 90% and 100% and a significant postexposure feeding depression (16.3-72.7%) was observed at all contaminated sites relatively to references.     

海城7.3级地震余震活动规律的探讨

本文主要对近30年来营口地震台记录的海城7.3级地震的余震观测资料进行分析,按不同的震级进行统计,分别作出M-T图和N-T图,可供今后监测工作参考。     

Monitoring seasonal distribution of an endangered anadromous sturgeon in a large river using environmental DNA

Monitoring dynamic distribution is crucial to conservation management of anadromous sturgeons, but traditional survey methods are less efficient for low-density populations in a large river. Natural propagation of Chinese sturgeon has been monitored annually mainly at the spawning ground using netting for eggs and hydroacoustics for broodstock. However, absence of spawning was observed sporadically in recent years, indicating further crises for the declining population. We analyzed eDNA of water samples collected from 24 sites across 1360 km of the migratory route of anadromous Chinese sturgeon in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Chinese sturgeon was detected at 9 sites during the spawning season and 14 sites after the spawning season. We found that positive eDNA detection rates remained constant in the middle reaches but dramatically changed in the lower reaches, reflecting seasonal migration pattern of Chinese sturgeon. Invasive sturgeons were detected in the river, indicating their possible escape from aquaculture facilities. This study established a protocol for the use of eDNA to monitor distribution of Chinese sturgeon and could be valuable in making better policies for the conservation of this endangered species.     

Balance the Paradox between Limited Health Resources and Growing Demands for Medical Services

Health institutions in the People＇s Republic of China are under considerable challenge. Innovations in management systems may support the challenge to increase both efficiency and effectiveness. The balanced scorecard （BSC） is one such innovation. We have used a model to explore the factors that may impact the diffusion of the BSC in Chinese government hospitals. In particular, we concentrate on three factors - the outer context, the nature of the innovation and the communication and influence. The outer context and the nature of the innovation do provide an inducement to implement a BSC. The strength of the communication and influence may affect the level of take-up. However, we recognise that they may choose ＂the BSC not for any apparent technical excellence but for the legitimation that Western management practices may bring to local managers.     

压力平衡限位导向式控制阀的潜在灾难性故障分析

这篇通告的目的是提醒石油加工生产装置的责任人注意可能导致工艺设备内表面出现固体沉积的风险。保持工艺控制阀门的压力平衡孔道自由畅通，避免堵塞是特别重要的。     

遥感旱灾模型综合分析

本文在野外实验的基础上，对遥感旱灾模型进行综合分析和评价。运用四年的实地观测数据，校正了旱灾模型中的待定系数，使其能用于ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星对旱情的监测。对复杂的蒸散模型简化的可行性进行了尝试性研究。     

20世纪中国强震与天体位置关系分析

本文全面分析了1900年至1985年发生于中国的7.0级以上大地震与天体位置的关系.分析结果表明,月回归与三天体一线等天文奇点有利于大地震的发生;本世纪93次7.0级以上大地震中68%发生于月亮轨道(白道)与赤道交角变小阶段,60%以上发生于月亮升交点黄经位于350°～210°期间.这说明月亮轨道运行至此将会是中国地震活跃期.文中还指出,各天体对地球的作用除引潮力之外,还有电磁力和宇宙辐射,而对于远离平衡态的地震区,任何微小的涨落都会被放大,从而诱发地震.     

中美页岩气开发环境管理制度的分析与建议

随着页岩气开发技术的突破与发展,我国已成为继美国、加拿大之后第三个实现页岩气工业化生产的国家。而由页岩气开发伴随的地下水污染、生态破坏等环境问题亦不可忽视。本文通过分析中美页岩气开发过程中的环境管理政策、管理模式,提出加快完善我国页岩气开发环境管理体系及环境监管的建议：1）形成页岩气开发全过程环境管理体系;2）强化页岩气开发的区块规划环评,落实生态保护红线和资源利用上线要求;3）规范项目环境影响评价,提高页岩气环境管理要求;4）在制定页岩气开发污染控制相关标准时纳入开采工艺过程的环保管理要求。