粤北山地城市近地面臭氧污染特征及气象影响因素分析——以韶关为例

利用2015-2019年韶关市3个地面环境空气质量国控站逐时臭氧(O3)观测资料、同期的气象资料、ECMWF(欧洲中期天气预报中心)ERA5再分析资料和2017-2019年广东南岭背景空气自动监测站逐时臭氧(O3)观测资料,对粤北山地城市(以韶关为例)的近地面臭氧污染特征及气象影响因素进行了系统分析,包括韶关近地面O3...     

长江三角洲地区人为源氨排放清单及分布特征

根据各类氨排放源的活动水平和排放因子,估算了2004年长江三角洲地区16个城市的氨排放量.结果表明,2004年长三角地区氨排放量为460.68kt,其中,氮肥使用和畜牧源是两个最大排放源,氨排放量分别为227.33kt和203.28kt,分别占长江三角洲地区氨排放总量的49.3%和44.1%,氨排放在长三角地区各城市间有较大差异,排放量超过40kt·a-1的城市为南通市、上海市、嘉兴市和泰州市,这4个城市的氨排放总量约占长三角地区氨排放量的42.5%.长江三角洲地区氨平均排放强度为4.20t·km-2·a-1,排放强度超过6t·km-2·a-1的城市为嘉兴市、南通市、泰州市和上海市,其中,嘉兴市的排放强度最大,为10.83 t·km-2·a-1.     

制药废水处理生物技术的有效性

制药废水处理生物技术有效性的研究结果表明,XZEH公司原有处理方法的出水COD不能达到国家一级排放标准,其原因是缺少28%的曝气反应池体积.如果应用工程菌株Xhhh和Ebis信息软件的双重优化技术,可使生物负荷效率提高128%,所需曝气池体积可降低51%.对于提高制药废水的生物处理技术有效性和实现达标排放具有技术潜力.     

104国道江苏段公路两侧重金属污染现状调查

对104国道江苏段(南京至宜兴段)公路两侧土壤、大气、农作物(水稻)中的主要重金属(铅、镉、铬、铜、锌、镍)含量进行调查与评价,结果显示:国道两侧土壤已受到重金属污染,水稻受重金属铅轻微污染.     

电镀污染区植物重金属积累特征研究

采用野外采样室内分析方法,对泰州某电镀污染区12种优势植物和对应土壤中的Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb和Ni5种重金属含量进行测定,揭示了优势植物对复合污染重金属的富集和转运特征。结果表明,该电镀污染区土壤中Cd平均含量为4.10 mg/kg,是GB15618—2008《土壤环境质量标准》中二级标准9.1倍。植物吸收重金属的富集滞留在地上部较多,香樟对Cd,双穗雀稗、野艾篙、牛筋草对Cu,双穗雀稗对Cr,三叶草、蒲公英对Pb,双穗雀稗、苣荬菜对Ni表现出重金属植物修复的潜力,它们是修复Cd污染土壤的理想植物。     

小麦产量的遥感动态预估研究──以山东禹城县为例

本文利用现代遥感信息、数理统计和回归分析方法，研究了禹城县试验区的小麦单产与卫星遥感信息（绿度）间的关系，并建立了小麦单产与绿度关系的预估模型；阐述了直接利用遥感宏观信息动态预估小麦产量的可行性和这一方法的应用前景。     

基于地基观测及源清单的2017-2019年德州市秋冬季大气污染防治效果评估

为评估污染减排措施实施效果,基于地基观测及排放清单数据,运用WRF中尺度气象模型和CAMx空气质量模型,对德州市2017-2019年秋冬季大气污染攻坚实施效果进行了评估.结果表明,2017-2018年秋冬季,德州市ρ（PM_2.5）同比下降31.7%,高于京津冀及周边地区平均水平（25.6%）,大气污染攻坚措施成效显著;2018-2019年秋冬季,德州市ρ（PM_2.5）同比增加8.5%,高于京津冀及周边地区平均水平（4.2%）,这与不利气象条件及排放量同比减少有关.观测结果显示,2018-2019秋冬季,德州市PM_2.5中无机组分、一次排放示踪物以及SO₂和CO等气态前体物浓度较上一年度呈下降趋势,ρ（SOA）（SOA为二次有机气溶胶）、ρ（NH₄+）同比有大幅增长,增幅分别为53.8%和19.1%,这与大气中VOCs（挥发性有机物,增加46.5%）及大气氧化性（增加6.4%）的增加密切相关,表明德州市复合型大气污染加剧,PM_2.5防控难度加大.综合气象和减排评估结果可知,2017-2018年秋冬季,气象条件（13.4%）和长效措施（9.4%）是德州市PM_2.5改善的两个主要因素;2018-2019年秋冬季,长效措施减排效果较为有限,减排主要来自预警应急（5.0%）和区域减排（5.2%）,若仅考虑不利气象条件的影响,将导致同比约19.9%的反弹.因此,持续深入推进长效减排措施,降低污染物排放水平,是德州市实现空气质量改善的根本途径.      

Assessment and prediction of the effect of ageing on the adsorption of nonylphenol in black carbon-sediment systems

Black carbon (BC) is a promising sediment amendment, as proven by its considerable adsorption capacity for hydrophobic organic pollutants and accessibility, but its reliability when used for the removal of pollutants in natural sediments still needs to be evaluated. For example, the ageing process, resulting in changing of surface physicochemical properties of BC, will decrease the adsorption capacity and performance of BC when applied to sediment pollution control. In this study, how the ageing process and BC proportion affect the adsorption capacity of BC-sediment systems was modelled and quantitatively investigated to predict their adsorption capacity under different ageing times and BC additions. The results showed that the ageing process decreased the adsorption capacity of both BC-sediment systems, due to the blockage of the non-linear adsorption sites of BC. The adsorption capacity of rice straw black carbon (RC)-sediment systems was higher than that of fly ash black carbon (FC)-sediment systems, indicating that RC is more efficient than FC for nonylphenol (NP) pollution control in sediment. The newly established model for the prediction of adsorption capacity fits the experimental data appropriately and yields acceptable predictions, especially when based on parameters from the Freundlich model. However, to fully reflect the influence of the ageing process on BC-sediment systems and make more precise predictions, it is recommended that future work considering more factors and conditions, such as modelling of the correlation between the adsorption capacity and the pore volume or specific surface area of BC, be applied to build an accurate and sound model.     

Adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 in NO removal at low temperature

CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 samples were synthesized using hard-templating and evaporationinduced self-assembly(EISA) methods,respectively.The pore structures of CMK-3 and CFDU-15 as well as commercial activated carbon were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and N_2 adsorption–desorption.Adsorption of NO was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis,temperature-programmed desorption of NO + O_2,and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 materials possessed ordered and uniform structures.The coadsorption capacity of NO and O_2 decreased in the sequence CMK-3(88.6 mg/g) C-FDU-15(71.7 mg/g) AC(25.3 mg/g).There were two main adsorption species on CMK-3 and CFDU-15:nitrite and nitrate.Nitrite is converted to nitrate easily.However,the adsorption species were more complex on AC,with nitrite being the main species.Moreover,CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 exhibit excellent regeneration efficiency compared with AC.The excellent NO adsorption performance of CMK-3 and C-FDU-15 was associated with their ordered mesoporous structures and high surface areas.The research provides more options for NO adsorption in the future.     

淮南矿区土地利用变化对区域景观格局的影响

以淮南矿区5期遥感影像图作为基本信息源,利用土地利用转移矩阵和景观格局指数分析了淮南矿区的土地利用变化及其对区域景观格局的影响。土地利用变化相关结果表明:1980 — 2015年淮南矿区及区域土地利用变化主要表现为耕地的减少,建设用地、水域的增加。矿区耕地面积减少117.6 km~2,其中46.7%的面积转换成建设用地,51.2%转换成塌陷水域,其所在区域(流域)耕地减少了274.4 km~2,有63.1%转换成建设用地,33.1%转换成水域。将矿区增加的塌陷水域面积还原作为无采矿活动的对照,分析采矿活动对区域景观格局的影响,结果表明:采矿活动使得区域景观多样性指数增加了0.07,矿区土地利用变化使得区域景观多样性增加、优势度减小,区域景观格局更加趋于多样、均衡。