HAZOP分析在硝酸钠处理工艺中的应用

运用HAZOP分析对硝酸钠处理工艺进行危险性分析,列举了硝酸钠处理工艺中有意义的偏差、偏差发生的原因、可能导致的后果,并提出了相应的建议措施。     

纳米铁为脱氯菌供电降解三氯乙烯实验研究

采用一种从氯乙烯污染场址土壤中提取的脱氯菌种(Dehalococcoides spp.)进行三氯乙烯(TCE)降解实验,研究纳米铁厌氧腐蚀产氢为该脱氯菌种提供电子的可能性.结果表明,在甲醇做电子供体时,稀释25倍的菌液［（2.0±0.44）×105　cell/mL)］可以在96　h内将20 mg/L TCE完全降解,并在190　h时有2.706　μmol乙烯产生.而在无甲醇做电子供体时,96　h内只有部分TCE转化为顺二氯乙烯(cisDCE),且190　h时几乎无乙烯产生（0.159　μmol）,因此无电子供体时菌液脱氯活动不能维持.但在4　g/L纳米铁腐蚀产氢的情况下,脱氯菌可以利用纳米铁产生的阴极氢维持脱氯活动,在131　h内将20 mg/L TCE完全降解,并且其耦合的脱氯速率高于纳米铁单独降解时的速率.从乙烯的产量分析中可以看出,纳米铁供电时190　h后由脱氯菌产生的乙烯量为1.187　μmol,明显低于甲醇做电子供体时乙烯的产量2.706　μmol,表明纳米铁可能对微生物存在一定的毒性效应.同时反应190　h后乙炔的产量为0.109　μmol,相对低于与纳米铁单独降解TCE时的产量0.161　μmol,说明微生物在无电子供体的情况下,竞争利用了纳米铁与水反应产生的电子导致乙炔的生成量降低.上述结果表明,4　g/L的纳米铁与水反应生成的活性氢可以为脱氯菌提供电子,并维持其脱氯活动,这对纳米铁和脱氯菌耦合应用于地下水的有机氯修复具有重要的实际意义.     

酚类化合物在水体颗粒物上的吸附实验

本文对四种不同酚类化合物的水体颗粒物上吸附行为进行了实验研究，通过对三种不同形式的吸附等温吸附等温线的比较，选择出最符合酚类化合物的Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温线，同时还观察了ｐＨ值和离子强度等因素对吸附的影响，并讨论了化合物的化学结构与吸附之间的关系。     

Aircraft measurements of O3, NOx,CO, VOCs,and SO2 in the Yangtze River Delta region

In this study, air pollutants, including ozone (O₃), nitrogen oxides (NO_x = NO + NO₂), carbon monoxides (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region during several air flights between September/30 and October/11 are analyzed. This measurement provides horizontal and vertical distributions of air pollutants in the YRD region. The analysis of the result shows that the measured O₃ concentrations range from 20 to 60 ppbv. These values are generally below the US national standard (84 ppbv), suggesting that at the present, the O₃ pollutions are modest in this region. The NO_x concentrations have strong spatial and temporal variations, ranging from 3 to 40 ppbv. The SO₂ concentrations also have large spatial and temporal variations, ranging from 1 to 35 ppbv. The high concentrations of CO are measured with small variations, ranging from 3 to 7 ppmv. The concentrations of VOCs are relatively low, with the total VOC concentrations of less than 6 ppbv. The relative small VOC concentrations and the relative large NO_x concentrations suggest that the O₃ chemical formation is under a strong VOC-limited regime in the YRD region. The measured O₃ and NO_x concentrations are strongly anti-correlated, indicating that enhancement in NO_x concentrations leads to decrease in O₃ concentrations. Moreover, the O₃ concentrations are more sensitive to NO_x concentrations in the rural region than in the city region. The ratios of Δ[O₃]/Δ[NO_x] are ?2.3 and ?0.25 in the rural and in the city region, respectively. In addition, the measured NO_x and SO₂ concentrations are strongly correlated, highlighting that the NO_x and SO₂ are probably originated from same emission sources. Because SO₂ emissions are significantly originated from coal burnings, the strong correlation between SO₂ and NO_x concentrations suggests that the NO_x emission sources are mostly from coal burned sources. As a result, the future automobile increases could lead to rapid enhancements in O₃ concentrations in the YRD region.     

柴油品质对柴油机燃油经济性和排放特性的影响

为了研究柴油品质对柴油机的影响,采用国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ标准柴油和京Ⅴ标准柴油,在JX493ZLQ3柴油机上进行负荷特性试验,设定工况2 000 r/min,油门开度为20%、35%、50%、65%、80%、90%和95%,比较和分析了燃用3种柴油时柴油机的经济性和排放特性。结果表明,在柴油机不做任何改动的条件下,柴油品质对柴油机燃油经济性有影响;对CO和HC排放的影响不明显;对NO_x和PM排放影响较为明显,其中,国Ⅲ柴油排放相对较高。     

多藻浅水体中pH值和溶解氧协同周期性变化初探

在多藻浅水体中,每日900～1500的pH值和溶解氧都呈上升趋势,两者呈协同周期性变化。经相关性回归分析,pH值的变化规律与溶解氧呈非常显著正相关,多藻浅水区pH值和溶解氧的回归关系相关系数r=0.9129＞r0.01（70）（r0.01（70）＝0.302）。这可能与水体中氧化还原电位和水生植物光合作用伴随的代谢活动有关。这种相关性和协同周期性变化具有一定的生态学意义,并会对水体净化产生影响。     

Glutaraldehyde base-cross-linked chitosan-silanol/Fe3O4 composite for removal of heavy metals and bacteria

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We designed and synthesised a magnetic adsorbent (Fe3O4@Si–OH@CS-Glu) combining chitosan-silanol groups with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking...