碳中和植物降污固碳及其机制研究进展

在经济发展和生态承载的双重制约下,我国实现碳中和碳达峰需要探索更多的技术手段.植物是构建陆地和海洋碳汇体系的重要载体,同时植物修复技术也是治理环境污染的一种科学手段.然而,目前的研究大多集中在植物降污（包括降低环境介质中的污染物浓度和降解污染物两个方面）或植物固碳单一方面,而没有考虑植物降污固碳的双重效益.为挖掘植物的碳中和效应,从碳中和植物入手,深入阐述碳中和植物的降污固碳效应及其进展,评估碳中和植物与其他生物（比如动物、土壤微生物）以及环境功能材料的降污固碳潜力,并对碳中和植物与动物、微生物以及环境功能材料与生态系统协同耦合降污固碳效应的机制进行探究.最后,对碳中和植物降污固碳效应的未来研究方向提出了建设性的展望.     

Materials selection for a dry atmospheric mercury deposits sampler.

In order to develop a sampler for measuring dry deposition rates for atmospheric mercury, suitable materials are needed that neither adsorb nor release mercury. In this paper, four materials (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), Teflon and glass) were tested. Each of the materials was placed in a beaker containing mercuric solution under varied conditions for pH, preservative concentration, initial mercuric concentration, temperature, acid type and contact time of the material. The concentrations of the mercuric solutions were determined using the cold-vapor atomic absorption (CVAA) technique. The experimental results show that glass has the lowest absolute net adsorption rates (NARs) of 0.026-1.13 pg/m2 among the materials tested. Teflon, PVC and ABS have NARs ranging from 0.54 to 10.4 microg/M2 over an adsorption duration of one or two weeks. ABS has significantly higher adsorption rates for mercury than PVC and Teflon, indicating its inappropriateness as the material for building the sampler. Teflon and PVC will be the materials of choice for the sampler. The experimental results can also be used in establishing appropriate sampling conditions in the field.     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化过程养分综合利用研究

餐厨垃圾产量大、危害大、回收价值高,合理利用其中磷的资源价值,可规避其污染风险。综合利用情景分析与物质流分析方法,基于情景分析和养分流动概念模型,对苏南地区餐厨垃圾厌氧消化副产物以3种情景进行处理〔沼液进行水处理,沼渣焚烧（情景1,S1）;沼液还田,沼渣制有机肥（情景2,S2）;沼液进行水处理,沼渣制有机肥（情景3,S3）〕,以100 t的餐厨垃圾处理规模为参考,分析总磷（TP）的物质流。结果表明：S1的餐厨垃圾中有0.99 kg TP还田,最终有0.96 kg TP进入水稻;S2的餐厨垃圾中有64.05 kg TP还田,最终有62.10 kg TP进入水稻;S3的餐厨垃圾中有8.67 kg TP还田,最终有8.49 kg TP进入水稻。结合经济性能对3种情景进行综合评价,发现S2为餐厨垃圾资源化的最优模式,TP的资源化利用率为91.53%,远高于S1和S3。

     

长白山春季不同植被类型中土壤线虫的群落结构

2001年和2002年春季,对长白山白北坡不同海拔的阔叶红松林、红松云冷杉混交林、暗针叶林、岳桦林和高山苔原中土壤线虫进行了研究.结果表明,5个样地中共鉴定到线虫7684条,分别隶属于2纲8目27科60属.其中绕线属Plectus,滑刃属Aphelenchoides,垫刃属Tylenchus,小杆属Rhabditis,盘旋属Rotylenchus和鹿角唇属Cervidellus为优势属,优势属线虫主要分布在枯枝落叶层中.土壤线虫数量与土壤含水量显著相关(r=0.357;P<0.01),在不同深度和植被群落中丰富度最大的是食细菌类群线虫.土壤线虫总数和营养类群在不同土壤深度中差异显著(P<0.05);食真菌类群数量与食细菌类群数量之和与植食类群数量之比(WI)和线虫成熟指数(MI)在不同深度也存在明显差异(P<0.01).     

绵阳市优势非金属矿产资源的开发利用

本文阐述了绵阳市优势非金属矿产资源及其开发利用现状,提出了跨世纪开发利用的战略与对策。     

环境水体中四溴双酚A的HPLC-MS/MS分析方法的建立与应用

四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A,TBBPA)是目前使用量最大的溴代阻燃剂.随着它的广泛应用,已经引起了大气、水体、沉积物和土壤等环境介质及相关生态系统的严重污染.建立了环境水体中TBBPA的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法.该方法采用电喷雾电离(ESI)负离子模式进行扫描,...     

Spatial and temporal variations in NO2 distributions over Beijing,China measured by imaging differential optical absorption spectroscopy

During the CAREBEIJING campaign in 2006, imaging differential optical absorption spectroscopy (I-DOAS) measurements were made from 08:00 to 16:00 on September 9 and 10 over Beijing, China. Detailed images of the near-surface NO₂ differential slant column density (DSCD) distribution over Beijing were obtained. Images with less than a 30-min temporal resolution showed both horizontal and vertical variations in NO₂ distributions. For DSCD to mixing ratio conversion, path length along the lines of I-DOAS lines of sight was estimated using the light-extinction coefficient and Ångstrom exponent data obtained by a transmissometer and a sunphotometer, respectively. Mixing ratios measured by an in-situ NO₂ analyzer were compared with those estimated by the I-DOAS instrument. The obtained temporal and spatial variations in NO₂ distributions measured by I-DOAS for the two days are interpreted with consideration of the locations of the major NO_x sources and local wind conditions. I-DOAS measurements have been applied in this study for estimating NO₂ distribution over an urban area with multiple and distributed emission sources. Results are obtained for estimated temporal and spatial NO₂ distributions over the urban atmosphere; demonstrating the capability of the I-DOAS technique. We discuss in this paper the use of I-DOAS measurements to estimate the NO₂ distribution over an urban area with multiple distributed emission sources.     

两室中性膜电解过程中铁离子的沉积特性研究

以亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠溶液模拟钠碱烟气脱硫吸收富液,应用二室中性膜电解装置,对铁离子在阴极板的沉积现象与沉积规律进行研究,确定了沉积物组成成分与铁离子沉积机理,明确了铁离子沉积与膜电解操作参数间的相互关系,结果表明阴极板沉积物中的铁离子主要为硫化亚铁,铁离子沉积量随膜电解电压和硫碱比r增大而明显增大;此外,膜电解过程中随着铁离子沉积于膜表面和阴极板表面的沉积量增加,阴极室压降由于阴极板结垢而降低,膜阻由于模孔堵塞而增大。     

曝气生物流化池生物强化处理高氨氮制革废水研究

以曝气生物流化池(ABFT)I艺为核心,通过投加高效菌酶添加剂(简称菌荆)的方法对高氨氮制革废水进行生物强化处理研究.结果表明,在菌剂投加量为0.4 kg/m3,总水力停留时间为32 h(其中生化处理段水力停留时间为29 h)条件下,菌剂投加10 d后氨氮的去除率可达80.2%,25 d后系统即可稳定运行;出水氨氮平均为4.8 mg/L,去除率为98.8%;出水COD平均为137 mg/L,去除率为76.4%.无机碳化合物和生长因子对硝化反应有促进作用,使氨氮的去除率提高约6.6%.该结果显示了ABFT工艺在处理高氨氮制革废水上具有明显优势.     

谢桥矿区采煤塌陷积水区环境效应分析

采煤塌陷水域是淮南矿区一种特殊地表水体。选择了具有代表性的有一定塌陷时间的谢桥矿塌陷水域,监测分析其水质理化指标、常规离子和重金属元素。结果表明：塌陷水域水质状况具有季节性变化。水域受到了一定程度的污染,DO丰富,COD含量偏高,水域呈弱碱性,pH值较为稳定,部分理化指标随时间增长有累计效应。常规离子含量顺序为HCO₃^->Mg^2＋>SO₄^2->Ca^2＋>Cl^－>Na⁺>K⁺>F^－。与国家地表水质量标准(GB3838-2002)比较,水域重金属元素除了Hg严重超标外, 其他As、Se、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等均不超标,未对水域构成重金属污染。通过对谢桥矿区塌陷水域水质进行分析评价,为其及周边矿区塌陷水域综合应用提供了一定的理论依据。