Effects of urbanization on avian community in southwestern China

Surveys at southwestern China were conducted from November 2004 to July 2005 in three habitat types. A total 3319 individual of 69 bird species were recorded. Although urbanization was presumed to be responsible for decreasing species richness and diversity, our results showed bird species richness, diversity and density in urban habitats were not different in rural habitats. Whereas, the wasteland with low human disturbances, was the lowest bird species richness, diversity and density than others habitats. We inferred habitats structural complexity, large forest patches, native trees and human litter sustain many bird species in campus and park. However, human disturbances, habitats substrate and predation from domestic animals may reduce species richness and diversity. Therefore, we suggested that high vegetative cover should be in urban areas, because it may increase the number of bird species, support larger populations of insectivores, and perhaps create suitable habitat for some ground nesters. Moreover, by recreating or preserving natural islands decreased human disturbance and predation from domestic animals.     

Arsenate (As) uptake by and distribution in two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Jing 411 and Lovrin 10) were used to investigate arsenate (As) uptake and distribution in plants grown in hydroponic culture and in the soil. Results showed that without As addition, Lovrin 10 had higher biomass than Jing 411 in the soil pot experiment; in the hydroponic experiment Lovrin 10 had similar root biomass to and lower shoot biomass than Jing 411. Increasing P supply from 32 to 161 microM resulted in lower tissue As concentrations, and increasing As supply from 0 to 2,000 microM resulted in lower tissue P concentrations. Increasing P supply tended to increase shoot-to-root ratios of As concentrations, and increasing As supply tended to decrease shoot-to-root ratios of As concentrations. Both cultivars invested more in root production under P deficient conditions than under P sufficient conditions. Lovrin 10 invested more biomass production to roots than Jing 411, which might be partly responsible for higher shoot P and As concentrations and higher shoot-to-root ratios of As concentrations. Moreover, Lovrin 10 allocated less As to roots than Jing 411 and the difference disappeared with decreasing P supply.     

沧州市郊采暖期大气颗粒物中重金属的粒径分布及健康风险评价

为了解沧州市郊采暖期大气颗粒物中重金属粒径分布和健康风险,于2018年11—12月使用分级撞击式采样器采集大气颗粒物样品(粒径符合总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)标准),采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定Fe、Cu、Mn、Pb和Zn含量,利用富集因子法和美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价模型,分析重金属主要来源并对...     

溶解性有机质强化棉花修复镉污染土壤

为探究溶解性有机质(DOM)对棉花修复镉(Cd)污染土壤的影响,通过盆栽试验研究棉花秸秆溶解性有机质(CM)和农家肥溶解性有机质(FM)在3种外源Cd(mg·kg-1)添加含量为0(C0)、5(C5)和10(C10)下对土壤有效态Cd含量、棉花生物量、光合作用参数和Cd积累的影响.结果表明,CM和FM施入能提高土壤有效...     

Ecological risk assessment based on road network development analysis of Xiamen city,China

Urban road network development (RND) plays an important role in social and economic evolution. However, the unlimited expansion of roads leads to great changes in urban landscape patterns, which further affect ecosystems. To better characterize the urban ecological risk (UER) of RND, in this study, RND was considered the stressor and habitat provision the assessment endpoint in a UER assessment. According to the theory of landscape ecology, habitat quality disturbance intensity (HQDI) is used to quantify the negative effect of RND on an urban ecosystem. In particular, we aimed to explore the exposure-response function between road density and HQDI under RND stress. A case study was carried out in Xiamen City to examine this association. In terms of spatial distribution, this study showed that developed areas had the highest HQDI values, whereas low HQDI values were mostly associated with suburban areas. In addition, the probability distribution of HQDIs was uneven and the urban ecosystem showed unequal sensitivities to different types of roads. Based on a multilevel characterization of UER, results of this provide a framework to predict UER under RND stress and may enhance the ability of risk managers to develop scientifically based control measures.     

钢渣桩复合地基的应用研究

在设计和施工的基础上。通过具体工程的静载荷试验。对钢渣桩单桩承载力、复合地基承载力、桩间土、天然地基进行分析并得出结论：钢渣桩加固软土地基的承载力提高幅度大,复合地基沉降明显减少．并且能消除黄土的湿陷性．地基土性能得到很大的改善。     

长江荆江分蓄洪区历史演变、前景和风险管理

依据社会经济统计数据、水文资料、遥感影像信息和实地调查资料，分析了荆江分蓄洪区在历史演变过程中形成的分洪与发展的矛盾及其在未来长江流域防洪体系中的重要作用，指出其风险管理的必要性。运用基于GIS栅格数据的二维水动力洪水动态演进模型，对荆江分蓄洪区1954年的分洪过程进行了模拟和验证，模拟了不同分洪规划方案下的洪水淹没范围，水深和水位，并结合现阶段社会经济发展情况，定量估算了农户和农业的分洪可能损失。在分洪损失评估基础上提出了荆江分蓄洪区引导人口合理发展、促进土地有效利用、开展防洪教育、实施洪水保险和确保安全运用预案等减轻洪水损失提高运用机率的洪水风险管理初步方案。     

Measurement and Modelling of Ammonia Emissions at Waste Treatment Lagoon-Atmospheric Interface

Global emissions of ammonia are approximately 75 Tg N/yr (1 Tg =10¹²g). The major global source is excreta from domestic animals ( 32 Tg N ^-1yr^-1). Waste storage and treatment lagoonsare used to treat the excreta of hogs in North Carolina (NC). Proteins and nitrogen rich compounds in the lagoon are convertedto ammonia, through a series of biological and chemical transformations. The process of ammonia emission has been investigated using two different model approaches: (1) CoupledMass Transfer with Chemical Reaction Model (Model I), and (2)Mass Transport without Chemical Reaction Model (Model II). Asensitivity analysis is performed with the models, and the modelresults are compared with ammonia emission experiments at a swinewaste storage and treatment lagoon in NC using a dynamic emissionflux chamber.Results of model predictions of emission flux indicate an exponential increase in ammonia flux with increasing lagoontemperature and pH, a linear increase with increasing lagoontotal ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), and a secondary degree increasewith the increasing wind speed. In addition, the fluxes predictedby Model I are consistently larger than fluxes predicted by Model II. Experimental values of flux agreed well with model predictions, with the experimental values lying in different positions between the two model predictions under different physical and chemical conditions. Further, when compared to diurnal and seasonal experimental flux values, Model I corroborates the results in calm meteorological conditions (windspeed U10 = 1.5 m s^-1). However, the observed results are better predicted by Model II during unstable conditions, when wind speeds are higher than 2.0 m s^-1 and physical transfer process functions dominate.     

医疗废物高温蒸汽集中处置技术探讨

本文依据《关于医疗废物高温蒸汽集中处置要求》对医疗废物的高温蒸汽集中处置技术进行了探讨。     

镁-铝水滑石的制备及其脱色性能

以不同的Mg^2＋与Al^3＋摩尔比制备一系列的镁-铝水滑石，考察镁-铝水滑石对单一品种模拟分散染料废水的脱色效果。实验结果表明，以n（Mg^2＋）：n（Al^3＋）为3：1制得的镁-铝水滑石对模拟分散染料废水的脱色效果最好；脱色处理后的镁-铝水滑石再生后可重复使用，它对模拟分散染料废水的脱色效果与新的镁-铝水滑石的脱色效果几乎没有差别；在模拟分散染料废水pH为10～11、镁-铝水滑石的加入量为1.0g／L、反应2h的条件F，模拟分散染料废水的脱色率为98％。