从含锑烟尘中制备纳米立方晶型Sb_2O_3

以含锑烟尘为原料,经脱杂处理后,采用真空蒸发法制备了立方晶型纳米三氧化二锑,并用XRD衍射和SEM扫描电镜对产物三氧化二锑进行表征。结果表明,制备的三氧化二锑为立方晶型,颗粒粒径为35~100 nm。实验考察了脱杂时间对脱杂效果的影响;考察了蒸发温度、压强、蒸发时间3个因素对三氧化二锑颗粒粒度的影响。     

FeCl3蚀刻液膜电解阴极液中Ni2+的萃取回收

采用自制的SSX萃取剂对FeCl₃蚀刻液膜电解阴极液（简称废液）中的Ni²⁺进行萃取回收。考察了萃取pH、SSX萃取剂含量、萃取相比（SSX萃取剂与废液的体积比）、萃取时间、萃取次数对Ni²⁺萃取率的影响,以及反萃剂HCl溶液浓度、反萃相比（反萃剂与萃取液的体积比）、反萃时间对Ni²⁺反萃率的影响。实验结果表明： 当SSX萃取剂质量分数20%、萃取pH 2.0、萃取相比1.0、萃取时间10 min、1次萃取时,Ni²⁺萃取率可达74.56%;当反萃剂HCl溶液浓度6.0 mol/L、反萃相比1.5、反萃时间10 min时,Ni²⁺反萃率达93.10%;再生后的SSX萃取剂重复使用4次后,Ni²⁺的累积萃取率达91.00%,萃取剂中Ni²⁺的质量浓度可达14.94 g/L;反萃液经浓缩、结晶处理可制备电镀用NiCl₂产品。     

炼油污水处理装置恶臭气体源强估算方法的比较

以某炼油污水处理装置为例,根据其运行现状及恶臭气体的监测结果,使用卫生防护距离反推法、源强经验估算法以及地面浓度反推法3种方法对恶臭气体源强进行估算,并利用AERMOD模式进行预测,对预测值与监测值进行方差分析。实验结果表明：在监测得到的NH₃和H₂S的平均质量浓度分别为0.113,0.006 mg/m³的条件下,卫生防护距离反推法得到的NH₃和H₂S的无组织排放源强分别为2.395,0.127 kg/h。源强经验估算法得到的NH₃和H₂S的源强分别为0.255,0.080 kg/h,地面浓度反推法得到的NH₃和H₂S的源强分别为3.120,0.250 kg/h;源强经验估算法为炼油污水处理装置气体源强估算的最优方法。     

Ceramic tiles with black pigment made from stainless steel plant dust: Physical properties and long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals

Stainless steel plant dust is a hazardous by-product of the stainless steelmaking industry. It contains large amounts of Fe, Cr, and Ni, and can be potentially recycled as a raw material of inorganic black pigment in the ceramic industry to reduce environmental contamination and produce value-added products. In this paper, ceramic tiles prepared with black pigment through recycling of stainless steel plant dust were characterized in terms of physical properties, such as bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity, and volume shrinkage ratio, as well as the long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Zn). The results show that good physical properties of ceramic tiles can be obtained with 8% pigments addition, sample preparation pressure of 25 MPa, and sintering at 1200 ºC for 30 min. The major controlling leaching mechanism for Cr and Pb from the ceramic tiles is initial surface wash-off, while the leaching behavior of Cd, Ni, and Zn from the stabilized product is mainly controlled by matrix diffusion. The reutilization process is safe and effective to immobilize the heavy metals in the stainless steel plant dust.

Implications: Stainless steel plant dust is considered as a hazardous material, and it can be potentially recycled for black pigment preparation in the ceramic industry. This paper provides the characteristics of the ceramic tiles with black pigment through recycling stainless steel plant dust, and the long-term leaching behavior and controlling leaching mechanisms of heavy metals from the ceramic tile. The effectiveness of the treatment process is also evaluated.     

利用高分辨率气候模式对湖北未来气候变化的模拟与预估

利用高分辨率区域气候模式CCLM对湖北省降水和气温的模拟数据,对比分析了基准期(1961~2005年)的模拟结果和同期CN05.1的观测数据,并对RCP4.5情景下的未来(2006~2050年)气候进行了年尺度和季节尺度的预估。结果表明:(1)CCLM区域气候模式较好地模拟了湖北气温的演变趋势及其空间分布格局,对降水的时空波动模拟与同期CN05.1在降水时空变化上的匹配度较弱;(2)RCP4.5情景下,2006~2050年湖北T、T_(min)、T_(max)呈上升趋势。四季气温呈一致上升的趋势,冬季的上升速度最快,对年尺度上T、T_(min)、T_(max)上升的趋势贡献最大。(3)RCP4.5情景下,2006~2050年湖北T、T_(min)、T_(max)呈全区一致上升的格局。其中增幅最大的区域均集中于汉江湖北段北部。春季T、T_(min)、T_(max)增温大值区位于西北山地区;夏季中部平原区T、T_(min)、T_(max)相较于其他区域增幅较大;秋季西南山地区T和T_(max)较其他区域增温较高,T_(min)的增温大值区位于汉江湖北段北部;冬季鄂东南丘陵T相较于其他区域增幅较大,汉江湖北段北部T_(min)增温较大,西南山地T_(max)增温较大。     

基于数据非依赖型采集质谱技术的血液脂质分子高通量分析

脂质是生物体的重要代谢分子,参与重要的细胞生物功能,已有报道表明环境中污染物会干扰生物体正常循环及代谢机制,导致脂肪代谢紊乱。基于数据非依赖型(DIA)采集质谱技术,通过优化UPLC-QTOF MS(超高效液相色谱飞行时间质谱联用)液相分离方法,开发了少量人体血液样品中脂质代谢分子的高通量分析方法,并将其应用于57个普通人群的血液样品分析,在10μL人体血液样品中检出2 598个信号,经脂代组学质谱库匹配解析鉴定出八大类1 780个脂质分子,其中分子数目占比最大的脂质为甘油磷脂类(37%),其次依次为脂肪酸类(23%)、固醇脂类(13%)、甘油脂类(10%)、鞘脂类(9.0%)、孕烯醇酮脂类(4.8%)。上述研究建立的脂质分子高通量分析方法为以脂质代谢为毒性终点的污染物毒性筛查和毒理机制研究提供方法学基础。     

臭氧氧化—钙法吸收工艺对烟气的同步脱硫脱硝

针对中国石化镇海炼化乙烯动力锅炉烟气的特点,进行烟气模拟,采用臭氧氧化—钙法吸收同时脱硫脱硝工艺处理模拟烟气。实验对比了单独脱硫和脱硝过程与同时脱硫脱硝工艺的脱硫、脱硝效果,探究了烟气在反应器中的停留时间、臭氧投加量和烟气含氧量对SO₂去除率和NO_x去除率的影响。实验结果表明：SO₂和NO的共存可促进污染物的去除;烟气停留时间延长,SO₂去除率提高,NO_x去除率先升高后降低;臭氧与NO摩尔比增加,NO_x去除率提高,SO₂去除率略有降低。综合考虑选择烟气停留时间3.4 s,烟气含氧量12%（φ）,臭氧与NO摩尔比0.7,在此工艺条件下反应70 min,NO_x去除率为73.8%,SO₂去除率为74.1%。     

半饱和褐煤活性焦预吸附—生物降解—褐煤活性焦吸附组合工艺处理稠油废水的中试研究

为解决稠油废水的达标排放问题,构建了半饱和褐煤活性焦(HSLAC)预吸附—生物降解—褐煤活性焦吸附组合工艺处理稠油废水的中试装置(5 m3/h)。稠油废水经已吸附生化出水的HSLAC吸附预处理后,生物降解出水COD均值大幅降至82.49 mg/L,总出水COD均值为39.22 mg/L,实现了出水达标(COD≤50 mg/L)。三维荧光光谱分析表明,经HSLAC吸附预处理后,生化出水中溶解性有机碳浓度较未经吸附预处理时大幅降低,石油类和腐殖质是生化难降解的有机物。HSLAC预吸附可大幅降低处理成本。     

Simulating water and nitrogen loss from an irrigated paddy field under continuously flooded condition with Hydrus-1D model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Agricultural non-point source pollution is a major factor in surface water and groundwater pollution, especially for nitrogen (N) pollution. In this...