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91.
Introduction
A January 2007 ice storm occurred in Oklahoma, causing power outages and hazardous travel conditions. The objective of this investigation was to describe the nature of winter storm-related injuries among Oklahoma residents, to determine populations at risk, and to inform prevention-planning personnel.Methods
Winter storm-related injuries were a temporarily reportable condition; all acute-care hospitals and the state medical examiner logged storm-related injuries and deaths during January 12 − 30, 2007. Medical records were retrospectively abstracted.Risk of injury was described by demographic group, injury type, and mechanism.Results
Among 6,047 persons experiencing winter storm-related injuries, 74% were injured in falls, 13% in motor-vehicle collisions (MVCs), 8% while sledding, 1% by unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning, 1% in cleanup activities, and 3% by other mechanisms. Median age of injured persons was 39 years. Persons aged ≥ 40 years were 1.4 times more likely to experience falls as the cause of injury than those aged < 40 years, and falls were twice as likely as other mechanisms to cause fractures among persons aged ≥ 40 years. Injured persons aged < 40 years were 2.2 times more likely to experience MVC-related injuries, and 19 times more likely to experience sledding-related injuries than persons aged ≥ 40 years.Conclusions
Younger persons were more likely injured in MVCs and sledding incidents, whereas older persons were more likely to experience falls and fractures.Impact on industry
Prevention messages for winter storm-related injuries should target winter-driving safety tips to younger adults and precautions regarding falls to older adults. 相似文献92.
Hriskova K. Marosevic D. Belting A. Wenzel J. J. Carl A. Katz K. 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(3):337-346
Food and Environmental Virology - In the last decade, the number of reported hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in Germany, including Bavaria, has continued to rise. In order to identify risk... 相似文献
93.
94.
Tracy J.B. Yager Edward T. Furlong Dana W. Kolpin Chad A. Kinney Steven D. Zaugg Mark R. Burkhardt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):343-357
In 2007, a 1.5‐year field‐scale study was initiated by the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate the dissipation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) following a first agronomic biosolids application to nonirrigated farmland. CECs with the greatest decrease in concentration in the surface biosolids at 180 days post‐application included indole, d‐limonene, p‐cresol, phenol, and skatol. CECs that were present in the largest concentration in 180‐day‐weathered biosolids included stanols, nonylphenols, bisphenol A, bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, hexahydrohexamethyl cyclopenta‐benzopyran (HHCB), and triclosan. CECs that were detected in pre‐application soil were 3‐beta coprostanol, skatol, acetophenone, beta‐sitosterol, beta‐stigmastanol, cholesterol, indole, p‐cresol, and phenol, most of which are biogenic sterols or fragrances that have natural plant sources in addition to anthropogenic sources, yet their concentrations increased (in some cases, substantially) following biosolids application. Preliminary data indicate the nonylphenols (including NPEO1, NPEO2), OPEO1, benzo[a]pyrene, diethyl phthalate, d‐limonene, HHCB, triclosan, and possibly 3‐beta coprostanol, skatol, beta‐sitosterol, cholesterol, indole, and p‐cresol, migrated downward through the soil by 468 days post‐application, but indicated little uptake by mature wheat plants. This study indicates that some CECs are sufficiently persistent and mobile to be vertically transported into the soil column following biosolids applications to the land surface, even in semiarid regions. 相似文献
95.
Julian E. Spallholz PhD L. Mallory Boylan M. Mahmububur Rahman Daniel Katz J. David Robertson A. B. M. Zakaria 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):211-220
Static and dynamic adsorption studies of Co (II) ions have been undertaken at fixed pH and ionic strength taking binary biopolymeric beads of cross-linked calcium alginate and carboxy methylcellulose as biosorbents. The adsorption data were applied to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations and various static parameters were calculated. The dynamic nature of adsorption process was quantified in terms of several kinetic constants such as rate constants for adsorption (K) and Lagergreen rate constant (K ad). The influence of various experimental parameters such as solid-to-liquid ratio, pH, and temperature, the presence of salts and chemical composition of biopolymeric beads were investigated on the adsorption of cobalt ions. 相似文献
96.
Lindsey Swierk Sean P. Graham Tracy Langkilde 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(11):1761-1768
Iteroparous species maximize lifetime reproductive fitness by balancing current and future reproductive investments. In order to maximize fitness in the face of social or environmental heterogeneity, individuals of the same species may vary in whether they prioritize current reproductive opportunity or sacrifice immediate reproduction in order to prioritize survival and future reproductive potential. Glucocorticoid (GC) secretion plays an important role in mediating this trade-off by promoting behavioral and physiological responses associated with survival, often at the expense of nonessential (e.g., reproductive) functions. We used wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus [Rana sylvatica]) to test whether males and females differed in their (a) physiological response (plasma corticosterone [CORT] concentration) to standardized handling stress—a proxy for predation threat—and (b) performance of reproductive behaviors that may enhance their conspicuousness to predators. We also tested whether levels of male competition influenced sex differences in these factors, as more intense competition may require males to devote more time to risky reproductive behaviors. We found that females had lower baseline CORT but exhibited a significantly greater CORT response to a stressor and spent less time performing potentially risky behavior (surface floating) than did males. These sex differences were consistent across different levels of male mating competition. Our results reveal that during breeding, males and females may differentially respond to stressors and perform risk-prone behaviors, despite facing the same extreme breeding constraints, providing new insight into the survival-reproduction trade-off of explosively breeding species. 相似文献
97.
98.
Wusi Yue Charles Meneveau Marc B. Parlange Weihong Zhu Hyung Suk Kang Joseph Katz 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2008,8(1):73-95
A comparative study of turbulence in a wind-tunnel model canopy is performed, using Large eddy simulation (LES) and experimental
data from PIV and hot-wire anemometry measurements. The model canopy is composed of thin cylindrical stalks. In the LES, these
are represented using a plant-scale approach, while the scale-dependent Lagrangian dynamic model is used as subgrid-scale
model. LES predictions of turbulence statistics and energy spectra are found to be in good agreement with the experimental
data. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budgets from the LES simulation are analyzed to provide more information absent in the
measurements. Results confirm that sloshing motions at the low levels of the canopy are mainly driven by pressure fluctuations.
A difference between the energy flux obtained from the energy spectrum and the SGS dissipation rate is observed, consistent
with a spectral bypass mechanism in which the real spectral flux due to cascade is smaller than that implied by the energy-spectrum
level, due to direct drain by the canopy. 相似文献
99.
The current model for larval release in subtidal crustaceans suggests that hatching time is controlled by the embryos, which
release a pheromone that stimulates the parent female to undergo behaviors that synchronize larval release. Alternatively,
hatching could be controlled by the females. Ovigerous spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille) exhibit stereotypic behaviors during larval release, including rapid abdominal extensions and pleopod-pumping
activity. Ovigerous P. argus were collected from coral reefs in the Florida Keys, USA during the summers of 2005 and 2006. Pleopod-pumping activity was
quantified to determine if a female’s pumping activity correlates with the developmental state of the embryos. The role of
pheromones released by developing and hatching embryos in controlling pumping behaviors was tested by measuring the pumping
response of ovigerous lobsters to (1) hatch water, (2) homogenized embryo water, (3) embryo-conditioned water (unhatched late-stage
embryos soaked for 20 h), and (4) water containing homogenized post-hatch embryo cases. Bioassays were conducted under constant
conditions (dim-red light) in the laboratory at random times during the day to control for any possible rhythm in pumping
activity. Spontaneous pleopod-pumping activity increased significantly with increasing embryo development. Upon exposure to
hatch water, ovigerous lobsters with late-stage embryos displayed increased pleopod pumping with increased treatment concentration.
Water individually conditioned with homogenized late-stage embryos, intact late-stage embryos, and homogenized post-hatch
embryo cases all induced larval release behaviors in females with late-stage embryos. Ovigerous females with early-stage embryos
did not respond to water conditioned with homogenized early- or late-stage embryos. These results suggest that active substances
are released by embryos at the time of hatching and induce the stereotypical pumping behaviors of the female that synchronizes
larval release. The results support the model that larval release in subtidal crustaceans is controlled by pheromones released
from hatching embryos. 相似文献
100.
Benefit‐Cost Analysis of Integrated Water Resource Management: Accounting for Interdependence in the Yakima Basin Integrated Plan 下载免费PDF全文
Jonathan Yoder Jennifer Adam Michael Brady Joseph Cook Stephen Katz Shane Johnston Keyvan Malek John McMillan Qingqing Yang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(2):456-477
Integrated water resource management (IWRM) requires accounting for many interrelated facets of water systems, water uses and stakeholders, and water management activities. The consequence is that project analysis must account for the nonseparability among the component parts of IWRM plans. This article presents a benefit‐cost (B‐C) analysis of a set of projects included in the Yakima Basin Integrated Plan proposed for the Yakima Basin in south‐central Washington State. The analysis accounts for interdependence among proposed water storage projects and between water storage and water market development in the context of historical and more adverse projected future climate scenarios. Focusing on irrigation benefits from storage, we show that the value of a given proposed storage project is lower when other proposed storage projects in the basin are implemented, and when water markets are functioning effectively. We find that none of the water storage projects satisfy a B‐C criterion, and that assuring proposed instream flow augmentation is less expensive by purchasing senior diversion rights than relying on new storage to provide it. 相似文献