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61.
Source specificity and persistence of several sulfur-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (S-PAHs), nitro-PAHs (N-PAHs), and triphenylene were examined via analyses of stormwater runoff and wastewater effluent samples and spiked samples upon exposure to sunlight. Samples were collected during the 1997/1998 wet weather season from two major storm channels and four major wastewater treatment plants in southern California. Among the target compounds examined, 2-(4-morpholinyl)benzothiazole, dibenzothiophene, and triphenylene/chrysene were detected in storm runoff only. However, 2-(4-morpholinyl)benzothiazole appeared to degrade rapidly in seawater and sediment after sunlight exposure, which might impede its use as a runoff indicator. Dibenzothiophene and triphenylene also degraded quickly in sunlight-exposed seawater samples, but remained fairly abundant in sediments after six months of exposure to sunlight. They are by far the most promising candidates of urban runoff markers based on the criteria of abundance, source specificity, and persistence, although more research efforts are needed to ensure that no other sources would also contribute significantly to their presence in the aquatic environment. 相似文献
62.
63.
Roger Cropp Albert Gabric Dien van Tran Graham Jones Hilton Swan Harry Butler 《Ambio》2018,47(6):671-681
We investigate the correlation between stress-related compounds produced by corals of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and local atmospheric properties—an issue that goes to the core of the coral ecosystem’s ability to survive climate change. We relate the variability in a satellite decadal time series of fine-mode aerosol optical depth (AOD) to a coral stress metric, formulated as a function of irradiance, water clarity, and tide, at Heron Island in the southern GBR. We found that AOD was correlated with the coral stress metric, and the correlation increased at low wind speeds, when horizontal advection of air masses was low and the production of non-biogenic aerosols was minimal. We posit that coral reefs may be able to protect themselves from irradiance stress during calm weather by affecting the optical properties of the atmosphere and local incident solar radiation. 相似文献
64.
Nguyen Le-Phuc Thuy Ngoc Luong Tri Van Tran Yen Thi Hai Pham Phuong Thuy Ngo Sura Nguyen 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1085-1092
In this study, a very promising way of treating and recycling spent nickel catalysts of fertilizer plants in Vietnam was proposed. Firstly, nickel was recovered from spent catalyst using HNO3—leaching process. Results show that nickel recovery of over 90% with a purity of over 90% can be achieved with HNO3 2.1–2.5 M at 100?°C in 75 min. The residue after leaching is not considered as a hazardous waste according to the Vietnamese regulations. Then, the leachate solution was used as a precursor to prepare a model catalyst for exhaust gas (CO, HC, NOx) treatment. In comparison with the catalyst prepared from the commercial nickel nitrate solution, the catalyst synthesized from recovered nickel exhibits similar properties and activities. The influence of Ni loading of Ni/alumina catalyst as well as the modification of active phase by some metals addition (Mn, Ba, Ce) was also investigated. It is feasible to modify active phase by transition metals such as Mn, Ba, and Ce for complete oxidation of CO and HC at 270?°C and a reduction of NOx below 350?°C at high volumetric flow condition (GHSV?=?110.000 h?1). 相似文献
65.
Environmental integrated assessments are often carried out via the aggregation of a set of environmental indicators. Aggregated
indices derived from the same data set can differ substantially depending upon how the indicators are weighted and aggregated,
which is often a subjective matter. This article presents a method of generating aggregated environmental indices in an objective
manner via Monte Carlo simulation. Rankings derived from the aggregated indices within and between three Monte Carlo simulations
were used to evaluate the overall environmental condition of the study area. Other insights, such as the distribution of good
or bad values of indicators at a watershed and/or a subregion, were observed in the study. 相似文献
66.
New information on the brooding reproduction of Amphiura carchara, and previous studies of several deep-sea congeners, contradict the prevailing notion that direct development is exceptional
among deep-sea echinoderms. Over 500 specimens of A. carchara from 2,850 to 4,100-m depths off the coast of California, USA, were studied. The species was found to be gonochoric, although
most brooding species of ophiuroids are hermaphroditic. Females each brooded up to 72 embryos at a time, with up to 10 in
a single bursa. The embryos of individual adults were often at different stages of development, but those brooded in a single
bursa tended to be at the same stage. Thus, the species has characteristics that breach the distinctions between sequential
and simultaneous brooding exhibited by shallow-water ophiuroids. The embryos developed from yolky eggs that are large for
an ophiuroid, with the mean largest oocytes 0.45 mm, and ranging to 1.28 mm in diameter. Almost all late-stage embryos were
positioned with their mouth and arms pressed against the wall of the bursa, possibly to facilitate the uptake of nutrients
from the parent. Thus, A. carchara may be matrotrophic. The largest embryos examined had a rudimentary disk skeleton, and arms with four joints and a terminal
plate. Emerging juveniles probably differ in disk diameter. The species appears to brood year round, although differences
in gonad size, the incidence of brooding, and the relative numbers of early developmental stages in summer and winter samples
indicated that there are seasonal trends in reproduction.
Received: 14 February 2000 / Accepted: 3 July 2000 相似文献
67.
Thanigaivel S. Rajendran Saravanan Gnanasekaran Lalitha Chew Kit Wayne Tran Dang Thuan Tran Hoang-Dung Nghia Nguyen Khoi Show Pau Loke 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):821-837
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Fossil fuel depletion and carbon dioxide emissions are calling for carbon neutral energies such as algal biofuels, yet actual production of agal biofuels is... 相似文献
68.
Ngo Thanh Huy Van Dieu-Anh Tran Hoai Le Nakada Norihide Tanaka Hiroaki Huynh Trung Hai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):12082-12091
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study evaluated the occurrence of PPCPs in Cau River (Vietnam). Surface water and sediment samples were collected to determine PPCP... 相似文献
69.
Nguyen Van-Truc Vo Thi-Dieu-Hien Tran Thanh-Dai Nguyen Thi-Nhu-Khanh Nguyen Thanh-Binh Dang Bao-Trong Bui Xuan-Thanh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(45):63558-63571
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The occurrence of arsenic (As) in groundwater (drilled well water) that were used for drinking, cooking, and personal hygiene and its risks to human... 相似文献
70.
Significance of mangrove–mudflat boundaries as nursery grounds for the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain
Fisheries managers frequently try to protect juveniles in order to preserve stocks. Juveniles can be protected by either implementing changes designed to avoid catching immature animals (e.g. increasing mesh size or altering fishing techniques) or protecting nursery grounds. To prevent the capture of immature animals, an estimate of size at maturity is required as well as a knowledge of both fishing methods and the exact location of the nursery grounds. Strong demand for juvenile mud crabs to stock aquaculture ponds has resulted in development of fisheries targeting crabs of all sizes from instar 1 to mature individuals. Using five different fishing methods, different stages in the life cycle of Scylla paramamosain were followed for a period of 16 months in an estuarine population in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Mangrove habitat utilisation begins when crabs settle out from the plankton at instar 1 [modal internal carapace width (ICW), 0.5 cm] amongst the pneumatophores at the mangrove fringe. Increasingly larger crabs were found deeper into the mangrove but they were still living on the surface (modal ICW size class, 1.5 cm). As their size increases, the crabs either dig burrows (modal ICW size class, 4.5 cm) or they live in the sub-tidal zone, migrating into the mangrove with each tide to feed (modal ICW size class, 4.5 cm). Larger crabs were caught offshore (modal ICW size class, 12.5 cm) where females accounted for 60% of the catch although of these, only 63% were mature. Recruitment of early instars was continuous but peaked in December to February. Subsequent peaks in the catch rates of larger size classes indicated the development of a single cohort with an estimated growth rate of 2.0 cm ICW per month. On the basis of abdominal width, females were estimated to mature at 10.2 cm ICW although at 9.7 cm ICW, 50% of females had disengaged abdomens. Abdominal disengagement occurred in males at the slightly smaller size of 9.1 cm ICW. Allometric relationships between chela height and carapace width suggested 50% of males acquire mature chelae at 10.2 cm ICW. These results demonstrate the close linkage between early life stages of S. paramamosain and certain specific niches within mangrove habitats, with the main adult population found to be living sub-tidally at some distance from the mouth of the estuary. The study also highlights the special importance of the mangrove fringe, the border between the mangrove forest and the sea, an area which is particularly vulnerable to physical and anthropogenic impacts. 相似文献