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排序方式: 共有241条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
131.
Tsai CJ Lee CI Lin JS Huang CH 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2003,53(10):1191-1195
Experiments have been conducted in a wind tunnel to measure the emission factor of re-entrained particles from a dry or wetted dust sample with a smooth or rough surface. Effects of wind velocities and water contents in the sample on the emission factor also were investigated. The results show that re-entrainment of particles can be controlled efficiently in a certain period of time when the surface watering density is between 60 and 80 g/m2 at a wind velocity from 7 to 15 m/sec for both smooth and rough surfaces. After the effective period is elapsed, which depends on wind speeds and environmental conditions, water will eventually evaporate, and re-entrainment starts to occur again. The experimental water evaporation rates at different wind speeds are in good agreement with theoretical values. After watering for 210, 130, and 110 min at average wind velocities of 0, 2, and 4 m/sec, respectively, the dust sample must be replenished with water to avoid dust re-entrainment. 相似文献
132.
Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from stack flue gases of sinter plants 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This study investigated four sinter plants, classified into two categories--with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) (S1, S2 and S3) and without SCR (S4) as its air pollution control device. Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are dominant in the stack flue gases of sinter plants with and without SCR. The polychlorinated dibenzofurans/polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDFs/PCDDs) ratio exceeds 1 extremely. The degree of chlorination of the sinter plant without SCR is towards hepta and hexa congeners while that of the sinter plant with SCR is towards penta and hexa congeners. PCDD/Fs are indeed decomposed (75.5% and 69% on ng and ng TEQ bases, respectively) and not only reduced in degree of chlorination. The overall concentration in the stack flue gas of sinter plants with SCR (7.97-14.1 ng/Nm(3); 0.995-2.06 ng TEQ/Nm(3)) is lower than that of the sinter plant without SCR (28.9 ng/Nm(3); 3.10 ng TEQ/Nm(3)). In Taiwan, based on the emission factors of 0.970 microg TEQ/ton-feedstock (sinter plants with SCR) and 3.13 microg TEQ/ton-feedstock (sinter plant without SCR), the annual PCDD/F emission of 44.7 g TEQ/year from sinter plants is 60 and 121 times higher than those from municipal solid waste incinerators (0.750 g TEQ/year) and MWIs (0.369 g TEQ/year). These results show that sinter plants have become the dominating PCDD/F emission source since tighter emission limits have been applied to incinerators. 相似文献
133.
Identification of electricity energy consumption on individual household appliances used in a smart house is the first important step for making the use and conservation of electricity energy more efficient. In the past, Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) techniques, which are part of smart grid techniques realized to improve electricity energy usage efficiency, have been developed to identify individual appliances with avoiding installing many smart meters for appliances in a field. In this paper, a new NILM technique that integrates an efficient Genetic Programming (GP)-based feature optimizer with pattern recognition techniques is proposed to identify which appliance is being turned on or off. The proposed GP-based feature optimizer with Fisher criterion is used to generate a more efficient feature than original potential transient features extracted from captured transient response of household appliances through analysis of NILM. The new feature generated by GP is used by pattern recognition techniques as load identifiers for load identification. The load identifiers used and compared in this paper include k-Nearest-Neighbor Rule, Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network, and Learning Vector Quantization. Experiments are conducted under different single-load and multiple-load operation circumstances at different actual experimental environments with small disturbances. As shown from the experimental results, the proposed is confirmed to be feasible and usable. 相似文献
134.
Cross‐cultural comparisons between the earthquake preparedness models of Taiwan and New Zealand 下载免费PDF全文
Taiwan and New Zealand are both located in the Pacific Rim where 81 per cent of the world's largest earthquakes occur. Effective programmes for increasing people's preparedness for these hazards are essential. This paper tests the applicability of the community engagement theory of hazard preparedness in two distinct cultural contexts. Structural equation modelling analysis provides support for this theory. The paper suggests that the close fit between theory and data that is achieved by excluding trust supports the theoretical prediction that familiarity with a hazard negates the need to trust external sources. The results demonstrate that the hazard preparedness theory is applicable to communities that have previously experienced earthquakes and are therefore familiar with the associated hazards and the need for earthquake preparedness. The paper also argues that cross‐cultural comparisons provide opportunities for collaborative research and learning as well as access to a wider range of potential earthquake risk management strategies. 相似文献
135.
Guor-Cheng Fang You-Fu Xiao Yuan-Jie Zhuang Meng-Hsien Cho Chao-Yang Huang Kai-Hsiang Tsai 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2017,39(4):791-802
PM2.5 has become an important environmental issue in Taiwan during the past few years. Moreover, electricity increased significantly during the summertime and TTPP generated by coal burning base is the main electricity provider in central Taiwan. Therefore, summer season has become the main research target in this study. The ambient air concentrations of particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 collected by using VAPS at a mixed characteristic sampling site were studied in central Taiwan. The results indicated that the average daytime PM2.5 and PM10 particulate concentrations were occurred in May and they were 44.75 and 57.77 µg/m3 in this study. The results also indicated that the average nighttime PM2.5 and PM10 particulate concentrations were occurred in June and they were 38.19 and 45.79 µg/m3 in this study. The average PM2.5/PM10 ratios were 0.7 for daytime, nighttime and 24-h sampling periods in the summer for this study. This value was ranked as the lowest ratios when compared to the other seasons in previous study. Noteworthy, the results further indicated that the metallic element Pb has the mean highest concentrations for 24-h, daytime and nighttime sampling periods when compared to those of the other metallic elements (Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd). The average mean highest metallic Pb concentrations in PM10 were 110.7, 203.0 and 207.2 ng/m3 for 24-h, daytime and nighttime sampling periods in this study. And there were 59.53, 105.2 and 106.6 ng/m3 for Pb in PM2.5 for 24-h, daytime and nighttime sampling periods, respectively. Moreover, the results further indicated that mean metallic element Pb concentrations on PM2.5 and PM10 were all higher than those of the other elements for 24 h, day and nighttime. 相似文献
136.
The purpose of this study is to examine why both parties (industry and consumer market) have mutual interests in protecting the environment but they still are hesitant to act green. The study used two-stage sampling from consumer market to depict ideal green product characteristics and reliable toy companies, and visit these companies for the second sample collection to examine whether the organizational eco-innovation strategy with customer value has a positive effect on green product development. In other words, the customer's benefit is an important factor for new product development strategy for green toys. This research shows that the willingness to buy green toys increases if most people in society buy green toys. This represents that customers are environmentally conscious and care about protecting the environment, or buying green toys is the result of a new economic trend and childhood education. The willingness to buy green toys increases if customers think that green products implies an enhancement on new product development to toy manufacturers. Further, if manufacturers are able to manage the difficulty of cooperation with all parties in the supply chain and difficulties related to production, they are willing to adopt customers' perceived value on green toys for their new product development strategy. It is rare to find academic research discussing the perspectives of both consumers and manufacturers in the same study because the research topic is very broad and many conditions must be considered. This research aims to find the effect of consumer-perceived value and company eco-innovation on green product development. 相似文献
137.
Lin HY Tsai ZP Chen GH Kao JJ 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(1):55-62
Separating recyclables from municipal solid waste (MSW) before collection reduces not only the quantity of MSW that needs to be treated but also the depletion of resources. However, the participation of residents is essential for a successful recycling program, and the level of participation usually depends on the degree of convenience associated with accessing recycling collection points. The residential accessing convenience (RAC) of a collection plan is determined by the proximity of its collection points to all residents and its temporal flexibility in response to resident requirements. The degree of proximity to all residents is determined by using a coverage radius that represents the maximum distance residents need to travel to access a recycling point. The temporal flexibility is assessed by the availability of proximal recycling points at times suitable to the lifestyles of all residents concerned. In Taiwan, the MSW collection is implemented at fixed locations and at fixed times. Residents must deposit their garbage directly into the collection vehicle. To facilitate the assignment of collection vehicles and to encourage residents to thoroughly separate their recyclables, in Taiwan MSW and recyclable materials are usually collected at the same time by different vehicles. A heuristic procedure including an integer programming (IP) model and ant colony optimization (ACO) is explored in this study to determine an efficient two-shift collection plan that takes into account RAC factors. The IP model has been developed to determine convenient collection points in each shift on the basis of proximity, and then the ACO algorithm is applied to determine the most effective routing plan of each shift. With the use of a case study involving a city in Taiwan, this study has demonstrated that collection plans generated using the above procedure are superior to current collection plans on the basis of proximity and total collection distance. 相似文献
138.
Tsai WT 《Environment international》2009,35(2):418-424
This article aimed at introducing the main physical properties and commercial/industrial uses of common liquid perfluoro-n-alkanes (including perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, and perfluorononane) and the environment and health hazards posed by their toxic decomposition products (especially in hydrogen fluoride and perfluoroisobutylene) because these perfluorocompounds are potent greenhouse gases, which have been blanketed into the Kyoto Protocol, but was rarely described in the National Inventory Reports by Annex I Parties. The environmental properties (including octanol-water partition coefficient, water solubility and Henry's law constant) of liquid perfluoro-n-alkanes were evaluated, and further discussed were its atmospheric implications according to the predicted properties and possible proposal for the formation of trifluoroacetic acid (CF(3)COOH) in the atmosphere by the ionized photolysis. These predicted values revealed that liquid perfluoro-n-alkanes tend to be hydrophobic and partitioned into organic matter, and they have exceptionally low solubility in water and extremely high vaporization from the water bodies, suggesting that it will sink into the atmosphere if it is released into the environment. 相似文献
139.
The objective of this paper was to develop a mechanistic-based framework to explicitly incorporate the factors controlling the bioavailability, toxicodynamics and mode of action to enhance predictive ability of arsenic (As) toxicity to protect the health of farmed tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. We linked the biotic ligand model and damage assessment model to develop a toxicokinetic model for elucidating the site-specific temporal changes of As bioavailability and to characterize how the fish regulate the metal toxicity. We built a bioavailability-mode of action-based growth toxicity model by linking a bioenergetic growth model and damage assessment model to predict how the As affects on the tilapia growth in the entire life span in site-specific field ecosystems. Here we show that the proposed model well describes the water-chemistry-dependent toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics variations of As to tilapia. We selected two local tilapia farms with different water chemistries located at southwestern Taiwan coast region to implement the proposed algorithm to predict the risk of As exposure. Results indicate that the growth toxicity of O. mossambicus in Taihsi is more sensitive than that in Peimen. We found that the effect of ion competition on the As bioavailability and their ecotoxicological effects on tilapia are more obvious in Taihsi comparing with that in Peimen. We suggested that the proposed bioavailability- and mode of action-based framework can be used to capture the biological response and regulation of tilapia to As exposures. It is applicable for a site-specific and long-term ecotoxicological risk assessment. 相似文献
140.
Chih-Chung Lin Kuo-Lin Huang Shui-Jen Chen Shaw-Chen Liu Jen-Hsiung Tsai Yuan-Chung Lin Wen-Yinn Lin 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(17):2731-2736
This study investigates ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate (NH4+, NO3?, and SO42?) in size-resolved particles (particularly nano (PM0.01–0.056)/ultrafine (PM0.01–0.1)) and NOx/SO2 collected near a busy road and at a rural site. The average (mass) cumulative fraction of secondary inorganic aerosols (SO42?+NO3?+NH4+) in nano or ultrafine particles at the roadside was found to be three to four times that at the rural site. The above three secondary inorganic aerosol species were present in similar cumulative fractions in particles of size 1–18 μm at both sites; however, dissimilar fractions were observed for Cl?, Na+, and K+. The nitrogen ratios (NRs: NR = NO3??N/(NO3??N + NO2–N)), sulfur ratios (SRs: SR = SO42??S/(SO42??S + SO2–S)), dNR/DP (derivative of NR with respect to DP (particle diameter)), and dSR/DP (derivative of SR with respect to DP) at the roadside were higher than those at the rural site for nano/ultrafine particles. At both sites (particularly the roadside), the nanoparticles had significantly higher dNR/DP and dSR/DP values than differently sized particles, implying that NO3?/SO42? (from NO2/SO2 transformation or NO3?/SO42? deposition) were present on these particles. 相似文献