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201.
Wei-Ming Chiu Hsuan-Yuan Kuo Peir-An Tsai Jyh-Horng Wu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(2):350-358
This work prepared poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) composites using a solution blend method, and investigated the influence of the physical properties of PLA/SWCNTs composites. In order to enhanced interfacial interactions between PLA and SWCNTs, the purified SWCNTs were given functionalisation treatments with a nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixture. These acid-treated SWCNTs (A-SWCNTs) were then grafted with 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (A-SWCNTs-Si). When these functionalized SWCNTs were used to fill the PLA matrix, the fractured surface of composite does not present the pullout phenomenon. The dimensional stability obviously increased by a factor of approximately 72. The storage modulus was also significantly improved. The surface resistivity of the PLA/SWCNTs composites decreased from 1 × 1016 to 2.22 × 104 Ω/cm2. 相似文献
202.
203.
The effects of nano-SiO2 on three ash particle sizes in mortar were studied by replacing a portion of the cement with incinerated sewage sludge ash. Results indicate that the amount of water needed at standard consistency increased as more nano-SiO2 was added. Moreover, a reduction in setting time became noticeable for smaller ash particle sizes. The compressive strength of the ash–cement mortar increased as more nano-SiO2 was added. Additionally, with 2% nano-SiO2 added and a cure length of 7 days, the compressive strength of the ash–cement mortar with 1 μm ash particle size was about 1.5 times better that of 75 μm particle size. Further, nano-SiO2 functioned to fill pores for ash–cement mortar with different ash particle sizes. However, the effects of this pore-filling varied with ash particle size. Higher amounts of nano-SiO2 better influenced the ash–cement mortar with larger ash particle sizes. 相似文献
204.
Yi-Chih Tsai Chung-Yi Chung Chao-Cheng Chung Hwa-Sheng Gau Wen-Liang Lai Shao-Wei Liao 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(4):479-487
This study demonstrates that prior to Typhoon Morakot, the index of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Cr was above moderate pollution levels in Dapeng Bay and the three neighboring rivers. During January 2007, the content of Zn metal in Dapeng Bay and Tungkang River was also above moderate pollution levels, while after the Typhoon Morakot event, all metals were at levels below the criteria for low pollution. This work has demonstrated that the samples collected from Dapeng Bay and the three neighboring river systems displayed individual crowd–distribution phenomena, indicating variability between the heavy metal content of sediments collected from Dapeng Bay and the three neighboring rivers. Understanding the spatial and temporal variability of heavy metal pollutants in the sediments of Dapeng Bay, along with pollution sources from three neighboring rivers, provides useful information in the fields of disaster management, habitat recovery, operative management, as well as ecotourism specification. 相似文献
205.
Hsiao-Yun Tsai Sheng-Wei Wang Sin-Ying Wu Jenq-Renn Chen Eugene Y. Ngai Kelvin Pai-Ping Huang 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(1):170-177
Silane is a well known pyrophoric gas which normally ignites upon contact with air. However, a silane release from a pressure source may not always lead to prompt ignition and frequently the ignition occurs when the release is shutoff. In a confined space, significant quantities of silane can accumulate prior to autoignition leading to an explosion, causing significant damage. To date, the mechanism and condition of pure silane ignition upon release into air has not been completely explained. Thus there is a need for additional experimental investigations covering a wide range of release conditions to enable a full understanding of silane ignition and explosion characteristics.This work presents a series of tests that aims to uncover the precise condition for pure silane ignition upon release into air. Tests were performed for releases at controlled and steady velocities. Steady flow of silane to a burn box and nitrogen to the desired vent stub are first established through mass flow controllers. An electrically controlled four-way switching valve is used to switch the silane and nitrogen flow such that steady silane flow without acceleration to the vent stub can be established. With careful control of vent conditions, we are able to find a reproducible critical exit velocity for prompt ignition of steady silane releases for different vent diameters. If the releases are reduced to below the critical exit velocity, prompt ignition of silane release is ensured. Above this critical exit velocity, silane can be released indefinitely into air without any ignition. The critical exit velocity is found to vary with the vent diameter. This relationship between the critical exit velocity and the vent diameter suggests that the silane release without prompt ignition was most likely caused by quench of the reactive kernel from the scalar dissipation between the release gas and the ambient air. Analysis of locations where prompt ignition occurred from the clips from high speed video camera found that the most reactive ignition kernel occurs in the range when the ratio of volumetric flow rate of entrained air to the silane flow reaches 0.322 ± 0.076, which is equivalent to the most reactive silane concentration of 75.6% in air. The implications from these results are discussed with emphasis on the safety of silane supply systems and operation practices. 相似文献
206.
Dong Cheng-Di Chen Chiu-Wen Tsai Mei-Ling Hung Chang-Mao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):14786-14796
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study evaluated the oxidation of toluene (TOL) by persulfate (PS) in aqueous solution in the presence of a Fe3O4-carbon black (CB) composite... 相似文献
207.
Chong NM Chang CS Tsai SC 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3276-3281
Background and purposes
The pathways used by microorganisms for the metabolism of every xenobiotic substrate are specific. The catabolism of a xenobiotic goes through a series of intermediate steps and lower intermediates (metabolites) appear in sequence. The structure of the metabolites can be similar to the parents due to kinship. The purposes of this study were to examine if the degradation pathways that were developed for a parent xenobiotic are effective to degrade the parent??s lower metabolites, and if the reverse is true.Materials and methods
The xenobiotic substrates, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, the parent xenobiotic) and its metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), were independently subjected to acclimation and degradation tests by the biomasses of mixed-culture activated sludge and a pure culture of Arthrobacter sp.Results
Activated sludge and Arthrobacter sp. that were acclimated to 2,4-D effectively degraded 2,4-D and the lower metabolites of 2,4-D, typically 2,4-DCP. During the degradation of 2,4-D, accumulations of the lower metabolites of 2,4-D were not found. The degradation pathways acquired from acclimation to 2,4-D are effective for all the metabolites of 2,4-D. However, pathways acquired from acclimation to 2,4-DCP are not effective in the degradation of the parent 2,4-D.Conclusions
Microorganisms acclimated to 2,4-D evolve their degradation pathways by a scheme that is different from the scheme the microorganisms employ when they are acclimated to the metabolites of 2,4-D. 相似文献208.
In this study, we investigated how to treat (waste) polycarbonate efficiently to reduce its degraded residue. The study was carried out in an isothermal reactor under continuous nitrogen flow at atmospheric pressure to pyrolyze polycarbonate (PC) alone and in the presence of metal chloride. Some metal chlorides were shown to be catalytic active for the degradation of PC at 400 degrees C, which increased degradation conversion from 8.5% to more than 58.3%. Among those active metal chlorides, ZnCl2 and SnCl2 can produce higher liquid product yields. Effects such as particle size of PC, temperature, the weight ratio of metal chloride/PC, and degradation time on the degradation conversion of PC without and with these two most active metal chlorides were studied. Results of the liquid product analysis by GC/MS demonstrated the product composition of PC degradation over the metal chlorides is much simpler than that of degradation alone. The main liquid product is phenol, p-isopropylphenol, diphenyl carbonate, and bisphenol A for all cases. 相似文献
209.
The development of beneficial uses of recycled scrap tires is always in great demand around the world. The disposal of on-site surplus excavated soil and the production of standard engineering aggregates have also been facing increasing environmental and ecological challenges in congested islands, such as Taiwan. This paper presents an experimental study using recycled crumb rubber and native silty sand to produce a lightweight, soil-based, rubberized controlled low strength material (CLSM) for a bridge approach repair. To assess the technical feasibility of this material, the effects of weight ratios of cement-to-water (C/W) and water-to-solid (W/S), and of rubber content on the engineering properties for different mixtures were investigated. The presented test results include flowability, unit weight, strength, settlement potential, and bearing capacity. Based on the findings, we conclude that a soil-based rubberized CLSM with 40% sand by weight and an optimal design ratio of 0.7 for C/W and 0.35 for W/S can be used for the proposed bridge approach repair. Such a mixture has demonstrated acceptable flowability, strength, and bearing capacity. Its lower unit weight, negligible compressibility, and hydrocollapse potential also help ensure that detrimental settlement is unlikely to occur. The results illustrate a novel scheme of CLSM production, and suggest a beneficial alternative for the reduction of scrap tires as well as conservation of resources and environment. 相似文献
210.
Hsu JN Tsai CJ Chiang C Li SN 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(2):204-210
Copper, zinc, and cerium oxide adsorbents supported on alumina were used to remove silane gas (SiH4). The adsorbents were prepared using a coprecipitation method and characterized by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray powder diffractometer, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The silane removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of the adsorbents were investigated in this study. Test results showed that the adsorbents containing active species had a removal efficiency >99.9% for SiH4 before breakthrough. Adsorbents containing mixed oxides (CuO-CeO2/ Al2O3 and CuO-ZnO/Al2O3), which showed well-dispersed active species and high BET surface areas, had a greater adsorption capacity than the adsorbents containing single metal oxide. However, when the CuO-ZnO/ Al2O3 adsorbents contain >40 wt% of active metal oxides, the increase of active species lowered the BET surface area leading to a decrease of the adsorption capacity. Additionally, when the content of the active metal oxides was between 20% and 40%, the CuO-ZnO/Al2O3 adsorbents demonstrated higher adsorption capacity. 相似文献