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Wen-Tien Tsai 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(14):1440-1445
The objective of this paper was to provide a preliminary analysis of energy utilization from industrial waste in Taiwan, a densely populated island country with high dependence on imported energy. The discussion thus focused on the status of industrial waste generation and its management since the year 2002. This paper also presented the updated information about the new/revised regulations concerning the governmental regulations and policies for promoting industrial waste as energy source as well as controlling the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from industrial waste-to-energy facilities. It showed that the main types of combustible waste in the industrial sector of Taiwan include pulp sludge, scrap wood, sugarcane bagasse, textile sludge and scrap plastics, which were being reused as auxiliary fuel in the utilities (e.g., boiler and incinerator). Based on their reported quantities, the energy potential and the environmental benefit of mitigating CO2 emissions were also analyzed in the study. 相似文献
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We investigated mycosporine amino acid (MAA) involvement as protective sunscreens in spawn of the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela to determine if adult diet and ultraviolet (UV) exposure affected the UV sensitivity of developing embryos. Adults were fed
a red alga rich in MAAs (Acanthophora spicifera) or a green alga poor in MAAs (Ulva lactuca). Adults on each diet were exposed for 2 wk to ambient solar irradiance with two types of acrylic filters; one allowed exposure
to wavelengths >275 nm (designated UV) and one to wavelengths only >410 nm (designated NOUV). Spawn from each adult group
was likewise treated with UV or NOUV and monitored during development for differences in mortality and metabolic rate (measured
as oxygen consumption: V˙
O2). Also recorded were number of eggs or embryos per capsule, times to hatching, hatching success, size at hatching, and V˙
O2 of adults. Spawn from adults eating red algae was almost twice as rich in MAAs as spawn from adults eating green algae, suggesting
that MAA content is diet-related. Although overall quantities of MAAs in the spawn reflected MAA contents of the adult diet,
specific MAAs were differentially sequestered in the spawn. Thus, porphyra-334, found in high concentration in Aplysia dactylomela's preferred red algal food, was present in only low concentration in the spawn. Conversely, mycosporine-glycine, in low concentration
in red algal food, was the most abundant MAA in the spawn. UV treatment of adults had no effect on quantities of MAAs in the
spawn. Adults exposed to UV had significantly higher V˙
O2s and spawned twice as often. The UV-treated adults produced spawn with significantly higher V˙
O2s and their embryos developed to hatching sooner. The only significant effect of UV exposure of the spawn was to reduce the
percentage of veligers hatching from 71 to 50%. There was no significant effect on hatching time or size of the veligers at
hatching, nor on number of eggs per capsule.
Received: 13 May 1997 / Accepted: 27 June 1997 相似文献
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