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201.
Chao-Hsien Liaw Yao-Lung Tsai Wei-Min Huang Chun-Jen Huang Jui-Ling Chen 《Water environment research》2007,79(8):821-827
This study assessed the performance and developed a simple approach for estimating infiltration capacity of two infiltration gutters by using on-site tests. Permeable-brick and redbrick infiltration gutters were constructed on-site. Water infiltrated from the surfaces of two vertical sides (NFS-2S), bottom (NFS-B), and three faces (NFS-3S) of two gutters were measured under nonflowing and steady-state conditions. Tests results from NFS-2S and NFS-3S indicate that the permeability and water depth for both gutters are linearly dependent on each other. Experimental results also indicate that, when the bottom of the gutter is clogged, the permeable-brick gutter still retains approximately 93 and 79% for redbrick gutter of their infiltration capacity for NFS-3S. On the whole, permeable-brick gutter has an advantage over redbrick gutter in stormwater infiltration. Based on these results, the permeability for different water depths and widths of these two gutters can be obtained. 相似文献
202.
The backdraft experiments involved three full-scale room fire tests that used solid furnishing, loveseats. From experimental data, a backdraft caused two temperature peaks. The first one was below 600 °C. Then, an abrupt opening of the front door led to a supply of a large amount of fresh air, followed by an indication of sudden temperature rise. The second peak temperature was over 600 °C. Meanwhile, the deflagration resulted in the gases heating and expanding within the fire space, thus forcing unburned gases out of the vent ahead of the flame front. Comparing both cases with natural gas and solid loveseat as the fuel in backdraft, the former can achieve pre-mixture state and readily create an instant explosion wave phenomenon; however, this wave disappeared immediately. On the other hand, the solid loveseat used as the fuel in this study produced backdraft within 30–50 s after opening of the door. After the occurrence of backdraft, fire maintained a period of fully developed stage, which was consistent with the conditions in actual fires. 相似文献
203.
Tsun-Hsien Liu Fujung Tsai Shih-Chieh Hsu Che-Wei Hsu Chein-Jung Shiu Wei-Nei Chen Jien-Yi Tu 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(2):458-467
Atmospheric Aluminum measured in northern Taiwan from 2003 to 2006 is used as a dust tracer, from which dust concentrations are derived, and major Asian dust events are determined. The source locations for the major dust events are traced back and identified, and the processes leading to the southeastward transport of Asian dust is investigated. The derived dust concentrations are compared to the local PM10 (particle with size less than 10 μm) concentrations, and the impacts of Asian dust on the air quality of Taiwan are quantified.According to the backward trajectory and dust observation analyses, most of the southeastward transport of major Asian dust events originate from Mongolia and Inner Mongolia in northern China, and only one out of 16 events is generated from western China. Modeling studies and weather analyses of dust events suggest that the southeastward transport of Asian dust is usually generated behind a surface front and transported downwind behind the associated upper level trough. The associated upper level trough is usually deep, in which the northwesterly wind behind the trough favors the southeastward transport of dust to lower latitudes. Dust transported to Taipei generally occur during periods of large-scale subsidence.Asian dust contributes about 15 μg m?3 of aerosol particles to northern Taiwan during winter monsoon, which accounts for about 24–30% of the PM10 concentrations to the northern Taiwan. The contributions of Asian dust are raised pronouncedly to about 60–70% during major dust events. The impacts of Asian dust on Taiwan's air quality are most substantial in December. The Asian dust impacts decrease in other months, but still remain at around 30% in the late winter to early spring. 相似文献
204.
Jeng-Lin Tsai Chien-Lung Chen Ben-Jei Tsuang Pei-Hsuan Kuo Kuo-Hsin Tseng Ting-Fang Hsu Bor-Hung Sheu Chiung-Pin Liu Ming-Tung Hsueh 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(8):1011-1019
A 60-m flux tower was built on a 2100 m mountain for the measurement of the air pollutant concentration and the evaluation of dry deposition velocity in Central Taiwan. The tower was constructed in an evergreen broadleaf forest, which is the dominant species of forest in the world. Multiple-level SO2 concentrations and meteorological variables at the site were measured from February to April 2008. The results showed that the mean dry deposition velocities of SO2 were 0.61 cm s?1 during daytime and 0.27 cm s?1 during nighttime. From the comparison of the monthly data, a tendency was observed that the dry deposition velocity increases with LAI and solar radiation. Furthermore, it was observed that the deposition velocity was larger over wet canopy than over dry canopy, and that higher deposition velocities in the wet season were mainly caused by non-stomatal uptake of wet canopy. Over wet canopy, the mean dry deposition velocities of SO2 were estimated to be 0.83 cm s?1 during daytime and 0.47 cm s?1 during nighttime; and 0.44 cm s?1 during daytime and 0.19 cm s?1 during nighttime over dry canopy. There is good agreement between the results of this study and those in other studies and the predictions of Zhang et al. (2003a). The medians (geometric means) of derived rc during daytime are 233 (266) m s?1 over dry canopy and 147 (146) m s?1 over wet canopy. It was found that solar radiation is the critical important meteorological variable determining stomatal resistance during daytime. For non-stomatal resistance, clear dependencies were observed on the friction velocity and relative humidity. 相似文献
205.
The development of beneficial uses of recycled scrap tires is always in great demand around the world. The disposal of on-site surplus excavated soil and the production of standard engineering aggregates have also been facing increasing environmental and ecological challenges in congested islands, such as Taiwan. This paper presents an experimental study using recycled crumb rubber and native silty sand to produce a lightweight, soil-based, rubberized controlled low strength material (CLSM) for a bridge approach repair. To assess the technical feasibility of this material, the effects of weight ratios of cement-to-water (C/W) and water-to-solid (W/S), and of rubber content on the engineering properties for different mixtures were investigated. The presented test results include flowability, unit weight, strength, settlement potential, and bearing capacity. Based on the findings, we conclude that a soil-based rubberized CLSM with 40% sand by weight and an optimal design ratio of 0.7 for C/W and 0.35 for W/S can be used for the proposed bridge approach repair. Such a mixture has demonstrated acceptable flowability, strength, and bearing capacity. Its lower unit weight, negligible compressibility, and hydrocollapse potential also help ensure that detrimental settlement is unlikely to occur. The results illustrate a novel scheme of CLSM production, and suggest a beneficial alternative for the reduction of scrap tires as well as conservation of resources and environment. 相似文献
206.
Hsu JN Tsai CJ Chiang C Li SN 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(2):204-210
Copper, zinc, and cerium oxide adsorbents supported on alumina were used to remove silane gas (SiH4). The adsorbents were prepared using a coprecipitation method and characterized by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray powder diffractometer, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The silane removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of the adsorbents were investigated in this study. Test results showed that the adsorbents containing active species had a removal efficiency >99.9% for SiH4 before breakthrough. Adsorbents containing mixed oxides (CuO-CeO2/ Al2O3 and CuO-ZnO/Al2O3), which showed well-dispersed active species and high BET surface areas, had a greater adsorption capacity than the adsorbents containing single metal oxide. However, when the CuO-ZnO/ Al2O3 adsorbents contain >40 wt% of active metal oxides, the increase of active species lowered the BET surface area leading to a decrease of the adsorption capacity. Additionally, when the content of the active metal oxides was between 20% and 40%, the CuO-ZnO/Al2O3 adsorbents demonstrated higher adsorption capacity. 相似文献
207.
Yi-Chih Tsai Chung-Yi Chung Chao-Cheng Chung Hwa-Sheng Gau Wen-Liang Lai Shao-Wei Liao 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(4):479-487
This study demonstrates that prior to Typhoon Morakot, the index of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Cr was above moderate pollution levels in Dapeng Bay and the three neighboring rivers. During January 2007, the content of Zn metal in Dapeng Bay and Tungkang River was also above moderate pollution levels, while after the Typhoon Morakot event, all metals were at levels below the criteria for low pollution. This work has demonstrated that the samples collected from Dapeng Bay and the three neighboring river systems displayed individual crowd–distribution phenomena, indicating variability between the heavy metal content of sediments collected from Dapeng Bay and the three neighboring rivers. Understanding the spatial and temporal variability of heavy metal pollutants in the sediments of Dapeng Bay, along with pollution sources from three neighboring rivers, provides useful information in the fields of disaster management, habitat recovery, operative management, as well as ecotourism specification. 相似文献
208.
Wei-Ming Chiu Hsuan-Yuan Kuo Peir-An Tsai Jyh-Horng Wu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(2):350-358
This work prepared poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) composites using a solution blend method, and investigated the influence of the physical properties of PLA/SWCNTs composites. In order to enhanced interfacial interactions between PLA and SWCNTs, the purified SWCNTs were given functionalisation treatments with a nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixture. These acid-treated SWCNTs (A-SWCNTs) were then grafted with 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (A-SWCNTs-Si). When these functionalized SWCNTs were used to fill the PLA matrix, the fractured surface of composite does not present the pullout phenomenon. The dimensional stability obviously increased by a factor of approximately 72. The storage modulus was also significantly improved. The surface resistivity of the PLA/SWCNTs composites decreased from 1 × 1016 to 2.22 × 104 Ω/cm2. 相似文献
209.
210.
Chong NM Chang CS Tsai SC 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3276-3281