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91.
In this study, the relation between sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) concentrations periodically measured in the city of Afyon’s atmosphere with meteorological factors
such as precipitation, humidity, temperature, wind velocity, and inversion were investigated. The mean values of SO2 and PM concentrations measured during the winter months of October–March 1990–1999 were correlated with the meteorological
parameters of the same period. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were utilized to evaluate the contribution of
meteorological variables. The statistical results show that the pollutants, i.e., SO2 and PM are dependent upon humidity, temperature, and inversion at the 1% significance level; while the dependence of both
pollutants with temperature is negative when those of humidity and inversion are positive. Two models in which temperature
and inversion are dependent with multiple variables are recommended for predicting the contribution of meteorological parameters
on SO2 and PM. In addition, the relationship between humidity, temperature, and inversion with pollutants is also determined using
nonlinear (polynomial) models. 相似文献
92.
Sezen Saçan Aysun Uğur Uğur Sunlu Baha Büyükışık Mehmet Aksu F. Sanem Sunlu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,161(1-4):575-582
Bottom sediments reflect in general the relative contamination of a sea area. Therefore, a great deal of monitoring work has been dedicated to the analysis of bottom sediments. Izmir Bay is a very important pollution centre in Turkish Aegean coast region due to a densely populated community, industrial complex and maritime transportation, and there are many streams flowing into the bay that pass through a number of industrial and agricultural areas. It had received the majority of domestic and industrial wastewaters until the wastewater treatment plant was constructed. It is well known that sediments play an important role as reservoirs of a fraction of the pollution in aquatic systems. Therefore, sediment samples were collected monthly from three stations which are located in the inner part of the bay during the period January to December 2003. Temporal variations and seasonal changes on their 210Po and 210Pb contents were examined, and the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb were found to vary from 43±6 to 132±12 and 27±5 to 91±9 Bq kg???1 dry wt, respectively. The highest values of those natural radionuclides were measured at Kar??yaka Station because of the current systems of the bay. Seasonally, the 210Pb levels were found to increase during the winter time for all the stations. 相似文献
93.
Sezgin Hacısalihoğlu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,165(1-4):255-262
The main goal of this research was soil-loss determination and comparison of the plot measurement results with simulation model (universal soil loss equation (USLE)) results in different land use and slope classes. The research took place in three different land-use types (Scotch pine forest, pasture land, and agricultural land) and in two different slope classes (15–20%, 35–40%). Within six measurement stations (for each land-use type and slope class-one station), totally 18 measurement plots have been constituted, and soil-loss amount measurements have been investigated during the research period (3 years along). USLE simulation model is used in these measurement plots for calculation the soil-loss amounts. The results pointed out that measured (in plots) and simulated (with USLE) soil-loss amounts differ significantly in each land-use type and slope class. 相似文献
94.
Nevzat Damla Uğur Cevik Ali Ihsan Kobya Ahmet Celik Necati Celik 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):457-466
The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in lime and gypsum samples used as building materials in Turkey were measured using gamma spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were found to be 38 ± 16, 20 ± 9, and 156 ± 54 Bq kg???1 for lime and found to be 17 ± 6, 13 ± 5, and 429 ± 24 Bq kg???1 for gypsum, respectively. The radiological hazards due to the natural radioactivity in the samples were inferred from calculations of radium equivalent activities (Raeq), indoor absorbed dose rate in the air, the annual effective dose, and gamma and alpha indices. These radiological parameters were evaluated and compared with the internationally recommended limits. The experimental mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of the samples were determined in the energy range 81–1,332 keV. The experimental mass attenuation coefficients were compared with theoretical values obtained using XCOM. It is found that the calculated values and the experimental results are in good agreement. 相似文献
95.
96.
We presented a model that estimates the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of pesticides in potatoes supposing that the pesticide in the soil solution is absorbed by the potato by passive diffusion, following Fick's second law. The pesticides in the model are nonionic organic substances, traditionally used in potato crops that degrade in the soil according to a first-order kinetic equation. This presents an expression that relates BCF with the pesticide elimination rate by the potato, with the pesticide accumulation rate within the potato, with the rate of growth of the potato and with the pesticide degradation rate in the soil. BCF was estimated supposing steady state equilibrium of the quotient between the pesticide concentration in the potato and the pesticide concentration in the soil solution. It is suggested that a negative correlation exists between the pesticide BCF and the soil sorption partition coefficient. The model was built based on the work of Trapp et al. [Trapp, S., Cammarano, A., Capri, E., Reichenberg, F., Mayer, P., 2007. Diffusion of PAH in potato and carrot slices and application for a potato model. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (9), 3103-3108], in which an expression to calculate the diffusivity of persistent organic substances in potatoes is presented. The model consists in adding to the expression of Trapp et al. [Trapp, S., Cammarano, A., Capri, E., Reichenberg, F., Mayer, P., 2007. Diffusion of PAH in potato and carrot slices and application for a potato model. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (9), 3103-3108] the hypothesis that the pesticide degrades in the soil. The value of BCF suggests which pesticides should be monitored in potatoes. 相似文献
97.
The assessment of the relationship between various waterscapes and outdoor activities: Edirne,Turkey
Çiğdem Sakıcı 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(6):3725-3741
The environment is very important in terms of the behaviours and actions of human beings, and activity–environment correlation is used frequently in outdoor arrangements. The environment must meet the requirements and expectations of society. Outdoor activities are the activities that contribute to the well-being of human beings in physical (heartbeat, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) (Ulrich, Journal of Environmental Psychology 11:210–230, 1991), psychological (fear, anxiety, depression, loneliness, stress, etc.) (Marcus and Barnes 1999) and behavioural (insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, passivity, etc.) (Ulrich 1999) terms. It is known that human beings are affected significantly by the environments they are in, and more importantly, it is known that the environment they are in affects their happiness status. The causes of this effect are the features and appearances of the spatial elements and components that mainly make up such environments. One of the elements that is used frequently in landscape is water. If one examines designed or natural open spaces, it may be observed that water has very distinctive features. Dynamic (in the form of a leak, with intense flow rate, cascade, foamy, squirting, jet, graded, etc.) and still water elements may be used with sculptures, plants, rocks and elevations (on land). This study aims to reveal which age groups of students enjoy the different types of activities with regards to water features and emotional associations that motion and characteristics of water bring out in human beings and also to reveal the water preferences of human beings, including their reasons for such preference. Thus, 20 different water compositions located in Edirne Province were selected, and in 2-min camera reels, the students of various age groups assessed water with various characteristic features via a survey. As a result, it was revealed that human beings from various age groups wish to perform different activities with water elements having distinctive characteristic features, and the types of water elements that are subject to various age groups’ like and dislike were determined. Kruskal–Wallis test was used during testing the effect of age differences. Chi-square analysis was used in order to examine the effect of age differences on preferences with regards to the activities that shall be performed at locations that include utilization of various water elements. The results reveal that while the use of water should be allowed in landscaping, selections regarding the elements of these water features should be made based on the type of activity and the age group of users in relation to the location. 相似文献
98.
Composition and source apportionment of PAHs in sediments at river mouths and channel in Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fifty-eight sediment samples were collected in 2009 from the bottom of river mouths near Kaohsiung Harbor (Taiwan) and the harbor channel for the analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Concentrations of total PAHs varied from 39 to 30,521 ng g(-1) (dry weight); samples collected from the mouths of Love River, Canon River, Jen-Gen River, and Salt River showed the highest PAHs concentrations. This indicates that the major sources of sediment PAHs come from those polluted urban rivers and the harbor channel. In samples collected from the Salt River mouth, approximately 43% of the PAHs are identified as PAHs with 2 or 3 rings. However, samples collected from other locations contain predominantly PAHs with 4 rings (32 to 42%) or 5 and 6 rings (36 to 44%). Emissions from traffic-related sources and waste incineration contribute to the majority of PAHs found in most channel and river mouth sediments. However, coal/oil combustion is the main cause of high concentrations of PAHs observed in the Salt River mouth sediments. Principal component analyses with multivariate linear regression (PCA/MLR) have been used to further quantify the source contributions, and the results show that the contributions of coal/oil combustion, traffic-related and waste incineration are 37%, 33% and 30%, respectively. 相似文献
99.
The analysis of heavy metals is very important for assessing the feasibility of the agricultural utilization for the municipal
sludge. In this paper, a four-step sequential extraction method was applied to extract heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Ni)
in municipal sludges from seven individual wastewater treatment plants located in Jilin and Heilongjiang Province, China,
for estimating the mobility and bioavailability of the metal ions in the agricultural application. The total concentrations
of heavy metals and their chemical fractions after the sequential extraction were determined. Principal component analysis
(PCA) was applied to analyze the relations of heavy metals fractions in the municipal sludges. Experimental results indicated
that the total concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni in all sludge samples were below the threshold values set out by the Chinese
legislation (GB18918-2002). Specially, Zn had a high bioavailability and mobility, Cu and Cr had potential bioavailability,
while Mn mainly existed in the residual fraction of municipal sludge. On the other hand, Ni had different mobility in different
municipal sludge. PCA results were confirmed by the environmental behavior of heavy metals. 相似文献
100.