Unusual uranium biomineralization induced by green algae: Behavior investigation and mechanism probe

As a biosorbent, algae are frequently used for the biotreatment or bioremediation of water contaminated by heavy metal or radionuclides. However, it is unclear that whether or not the biomineralization of these metal or radionuclides can be induced by algae in the process of bioremediation and what the mechanism is. In this work, Ankistrodsemus sp. has been used to treat the uranium-contaminated water, and more than 98% of uranium in the solution can be removed by the alga, when the initial uranium concentration ranges from 10 to 80 mg/L. Especially, an unusual phenomenon of algae-induced uranium biomineralization has been found in the process of uranium bioremediation and its mineralization mechanism has been explored by multiple approaches. It is worth noticing that the biomineralization of uranium induced by Ankistrodsemus sp. is significantly affected by contact time and pH. Uranium is captured rapidly on the cell surface via complexation with the carboxylate radical, amino and amide groups of the microalgae cells, which provides nucleation sites for the precipitation of insoluble minerals. Uranium stimulates Ankistrodsemus sp. to metabolize potassium ions (K⁺), which may endow algae with the ability to biomineralize uranium into the rose-like compreignacite (K₂[(UO₂)₆O₄(OH)₆]•8H₂O). As the time increased, the amorphous gradually converted into compreignacite crystals and a large number of crystals would expand over both inside and outside the cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigated microalgae with a time-dependent uranium biomineralization ability and superior tolerance to uranium. This work validates that Ankistrodsemus sp. is a promising alga for the treatment of uranium-contaminated wastewater.     

土壤镍各形态的生物可利用性研究

采用＾６３Ｎｉ示踪法和连续提取技术，并综合运用剔除法，人工模拟法，幼苗试验法和盆栽试验法及统计分析法研究了各形态土壤镍的植物可利用性。结果表明，土壤中水溶交换态Ｎｉ是植物可利用性Ｎｉ的主要形态，碳酸盐盐和有机态Ｎｉ有一定贡献，铁锰氧化物结合态和残留态Ｎｉ对植物几乎无效。     

环境与经济协调发展是乡镇工业腾飞的必由之路

介绍了原来工业落后的角直镇,近年来由于按照“统一规划、综合治理、集中控制、分步到位”的环境与经济协调发展路子,一跃成为全省发展乡镇工业的“示范工程”的成功经验。指出角直镇发展的道路,将是乡镇工业实现腾飞的一条必由之路。     

含除草剂非织造布的研制及其技术规范

在含除草剂非织造布生产的车间研制过程中，开发了滴渗法涂药技术。该法不仅涂药均匀，克服了喷药过程雾气的扩散污染，而且方法简便，成本低，投资回收期短，易推广应用。并在实验基础上提出了含除草剂非织造布的生产和使用技术规范。     

ABS融资方式在我国环保基础设施建设中的应用构想

阐述了ＡＢＳ融资方式的涵义，指出其在环保基础设施融资方面所具有的优势，如保障国家安全、降低融资风险、降低融资成本、筹资前景广阔和改善公司财务状况等，对使用ＡＢＳ方式进行融资所应当注意的问题，即保障可预期的现金流问题以及风险管理问题提出了解决方案。     

Effects of some insecticides on microbial activities in sandy soil

Abstract

Laboratory tests were conducted with 14 insecticides applied to a sandy loam to determine whether these materials caused any effects on microbial activities related to soil fertility. The ammonification of soil native organic nitrogen was not inhibited by any of the insecticide treatments. Some insecticides showed an effect on nitrification during the second week of incubation which subsequently recovered to levels similar to those obtained in the controls. There was a significant effect on denitrification in a number of treated samples. However, recovery of denitrifying capacity was rapid. This recovery indicated that the indigenous soil microorganisms can tolerate the chemicals used for control of insect pests. No significant inhibition of sulfur oxidation was observed. Results indicated that the insecticide treatments at the level tested were not drastic enough to be considered deleterious to soil microbial activities important to soil fertility.     

Effect of some technical and formulated insecticides on microbial activities in soil

Abstract

The influence of 11 formulated and technical insecticides at 10 μg/g soil on growth and activities of microorganisms was determined. The populations of bacteria and fungi initially decreased with some pesticide treatments but recovered rapidly to levels similar to or greater than those of controls after three weeks. Both formulated and technical chlordane, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin stimulated fungal growth. No inhibition on nitrification after two wks and sulfur oxidation after three wks was observed in treatments with either grade of insecticide. The effect of different treatments on respiration was equal to or greater than that of control sample. Less effect was observed with technical insecticides than the formulated ones on microbial populations and activities in the soil.     

摇蚊乙酰胆碱酯酶最佳反应体系的建立及有机磷类药剂敏感度比较

花翅摇蚊(Chironomus kiiensis)是一种重要的水生昆虫,经常用于水体环境质量的生物学评价.用正交试验方法研究了酶浓度、底物浓度、反应体系pH值、反应温度、反应时间5个因素对花翅摇蚊(Chironomus kiiensis)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性测定的影响.通过对正交试验结果进行极差和方差分析,明确了测定摇蚊AChE活性的最适反应条件是酶浓度为5头/mL、底物浓度为6 mmol/L、pH值为8.0、温度为35℃、反应时间为10 min.DDVP、马拉硫磷和甲胺磷对花翅摇蚊的LC50值分别为8.93 mg/L、16.74 mg/L和47.65 mg/L.利用正交试验得到的反应最适条件进一步研究了花翅摇蚊接触上述3种药剂亚致死剂量后对其体内AChE活性的影响.结果表明,无论是时间效应还是剂量效应,3种药剂对花翅摇蚊幼虫体内AChE影响的趋势与生物测定结果是一致的,其对花翅摇蚊幼虫体内AChE的抑制能力依次为DDVP、马拉硫磷和甲胺磷.     

水力帷幕防治海水入侵的数值模拟研究

为比较应用于防治海水入侵工程的水力帷幕效果,利用垂向二维非均质流体的对流-弥散模型,运用伽辽金有限元法求解,并用物理实验结果验证其有效性.将模型应用于模拟广西北海市海城区海水入侵过程及水力帷幕防治海水入侵效果,分别计算了超采地下水、抽水、注水和抽-注水情况下咸淡水界面随时间推移过程,并分析咸淡水界面推移与抽、注水流量及抽、注水孔位置之间关系,通过比较得出注水是北海市防治海水入侵较为理想的措施.     

基于均匀设计的响应面优化油页岩吸附铜离子的研究

采用均匀设计与响应面优化确定了油页岩吸附水中Cu2+的最优条件。以吸附率为主要指标进行研究,通过对5个因素的混合水平均匀设计实验结果进行逐步回归分析其通径系数,确定影响吸附率的3个主要因素为pH值、吸附剂投加量和反应时间,并根据极大值确定其取值范围。然后通过响应面优化实验,分析并建立多项式回归方程,方差分析表明其失拟不显著而回归显著,模型预测结果与实验结果高度吻合。响应面优化确定吸附的最佳条件为pH=6,吸附剂投加量为6.88 g/L,反应时间为68.24min,预测吸附率为96.42%。在此条件下,实测Cu2+的吸附率达95.1%。