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排序方式: 共有106条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Arsenic contaminated site at an abandoned copper smelter plant: waste characterization and solidification/stabilization treatment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A preliminary survey of an arsenic contaminated site from an abandoned copper smelting facility and feasibility study of using solidification/stabilization (S/S) process to treat the contaminant waste were undertaken. It was found that the waste, located in the three-flue gas discharge tunnels, contained 2-40% arsenic. The pH of the contaminated waste is extremely low (ranging from 1.8 to 3.6). The X-ray diffraction evidence indicates that the arsenic particles present in the flue gas mainly exist as As(III), or As(2)O(3). The total amount of arsenic contaminated waste is estimated to be 700 ton in the studied area. About 50% of the particle sizes are less than 2 mm. Arsenic is easily extracted from wastes with a variety of leaching solutions. In order to meet the arsenic leaching standard of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), an extremely high cement dosage is required in the S/S process (cement/waste weight ratio>6). The waste with lower particle size having higher specific surface area exhibits somewhat positive effect on the S/S performance. The use of fly ash from municipal waste incinerators, in conjunction with the reduced amount of cement, is able to meet the TCLP arsenic and lead standards. The use of lime alone could meet the TCLP arsenic standard, but lead leaching concentrations exceeded leaching Pb standard. The results of semi-dynamic leaching tests of some solidified samples indicate higher accumulated arsenic leaching concentrations after only a few leachant renewals. 相似文献
22.
Clean procedure is one of the major emitters of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in semiconductor manufacturing. Nitrogen trifluoride (NF(3)) is increasingly the process gas of choice for eliminating PFC emissions. However, its toxic to human and similar global warming potential compared to most other PFCs made NF(3) warranted much more investigation. This study demonstrated a radio-frequency plasma system for decomposing NF(3). The effects of experimental parameters: input power, O(2)/NF(3) ratio, operational pressure and NF(3) feeding concentration on NF(3) decomposition fraction (eta(NF3)) and energy efficiency E(NF3) were examined in detail. The analytical results demonstrated that the NF(3) was almost completely decomposed (>99%) at input power=30W, [NF(3)](in)=1.0% and eta(NF3) increased with input power. However, adding O(2) to the system inhibited NF(3) decomposition and decreased E(NF3). Moreover, eta(NF3) and E(NF3), decreased with gradually increasing operational pressure. Notably, increasing the NF(3) feeding concentration increased molecule density, reducing eta(NF3), but increasing E(NF3). Furthermore, the products detected in the NF(3)/O(2)/Ar plasma system were NO(2), NO, N(2)O, SiF(4), N(2) and F(2). Potential reaction pathways in the oxygen-based NF(3) plasma environment were built-up and elucidated. 相似文献
23.
Performance of a constructed wetland treating intensive shrimp aquaculture wastewater under high hydraulic loading rate 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Lin YF Jing SR Lee DY Chang YF Chen YM Shih KC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,134(3):411-421
A water treatment unit, mainly consisting of free water surface (FWS) and subsurface flow (SF) constructed wetland cells, was integrated into a commercial-scale recirculating aquaculture system for intensive shrimp culture. This study investigated performance of the treatment wetlands for controlling water quality. The results showed that the FWS-SF cells effectively removed total suspended solids (55-66%), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (37-54%), total ammonia (64-66%) and nitrite (83-94%) from the recirculating water under high hydraulic loading rates (1.57-1.95 m/day). This led to a water quality that was suitable for shrimp culture and effluent that always satisfied the discharge standards. The area ratios of wetlands to culture tank being demonstrated (0.43) and calculated (0.096) in this study were both significantly lower than the reported values. Accordingly, a constructed wetland was technically and economically feasible for managing water quality of an intensive aquaculture system. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: The Conservation Areas in South Florida have been considered as one of the major water storage areas to provide a water supply for the Everglades National Park and Lower East Coast (LEC). Due to the increasing water demands of the area, additional backpumping of the surplus runoff from the LEC area into the Conservation Areas has been considered as one of several alternative plans. The Receiving Water Quantity (EPA, 1971) model has been adapted and modified to be applicable in the Conservation Areas to investigate the possible impact of additional inflow under various backpumping cases. The modification of the model included Manning's roughness coefficient, depth of flow, width of hypothetical channels through marsh areas, rainfall input, seepage rate, etc. The use of the Monte Carlo technique for area computations was found to be easy and time saving both in area and weighting rainfall input to each node. Comparison of results generated by this modified model with the recorded values in Conservation Areas 1 and 2A indicated that the model not only can be a very good evaluation tool to simulate the hydraulic regime of the Conservation Areas system but also a proper tool for investigating the impact of additional inflow resulting from the backpumping related to the water use planning and management. 相似文献
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27.
Sun-Fu Shih Robert L. Hamrick 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1974,10(5):884-898
ABSTRACT: The Monte Carlo method is a procedure which takes advantage of the high speed of electronic computer in solving complex problems in physical and mathematical fields. A rigid technique to determine whether a random point falls within an arbitrary-shaped boundary is not available. This study is to present a new technique which can be used to determine whether a random point falls within any shape of boundary, together with its range of application. A modified fixed random walk procedure is also developed to solve the problems of groundwater movement. A flowchart and computer program are also demonstrated. Comparisons of this newly developed method are made with other approximate solutions. The results indicates that the new technique is more applicable and powerful than other methods. 相似文献
28.
Hsu BM Wu NM Jang HD Shih FC Wan MT Kung CM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,104(1-3):155-162
The flow cytometry (FC) has been used to detect Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts quantitatively and instantaneously in this study. The experimental results showed that FC is potential to become a more precise method for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water. This study also evaluated the staining efficiencies for three commercial antibodies. After staining Cryptosporidium oocysts with direct immunofluorescent antibodies in water samples, two populations were detected in the scatter-plots (FL1 versus SSC) of the FC. The Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts are significantly separated from other particles while stained with direct immunofluorescent antibodies produced by Meridian Diagnostics and WaterborneTM Inc. 相似文献
29.
Shih Yi-Jia Tao Chi-Wei Tsai Hsin-Chi Huang Wen-Chien Huang Tung-Yi Chen Jung-Sheng Chiu Yi-Chou Hsu Tsui-Kang Hsu Bing-Mu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(22):18392-18399
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are DNA viruses found in recreational water, such as water parks and swimming pools. Human adenovirus 41 (HAdV-41) is the... 相似文献
30.
Most hospitals and clinics in Taiwan do not have on-site treatment facilities for their infectious waste and must rely on outside agencies for their collection and treatment. The problem of optimally routing and scheduling the collection of medical waste from a disperse group of facilities is recognized as a periodic vehicle routing problem. This study develops a computer system to solve the resulting optimization problem based on a two-phased approach proposed earlier. The first phase solves a standard vehicle routing problem to determine a set of individual routes for the collection vehicles. The second phase uses a mixed integer programming method to assign routes to particular days of the week. The computer system is user-friendly and consists of several Visual Basic programs while the geographical information system is incorporated to facilitate input and output interface and database management. An illustrative example for the infectious waste of 348 hospitals in the Tainan City area demonstrates the effectiveness of the system. 相似文献