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21.
N. K. Tyagi 《Ecological modelling》1983,20(4):243-258
A chance-constrained linear programming model with rainfall as stochastic input has been developed to plan optimal land and water use in alkali soils under reclamation. The model is based on the water balance of a typical alkali catchment in the command area of the Western Jamuna Canal in Haryana (India). The zero-order decision rule has been used to obtain the deterministic equivalent of chance constraint and optimal solutions have been obtained for four levels of rainfall probability. Available water supplies at low rainfall probabilities were found to be inadequate to sustain the high cost reclamation technology. Exploitation of the full potential of agricultural land calls for the augmentation of available water supplies. 相似文献
22.
Seedling establishment in harsh environment was a rare and sporadic event due to the prevalent high temperatures and low moisture
regimes. Also in response to harsh conditions seedlings establishment of many species appear to be more frequent under canopies
of nurse plants. In these interactions the seedling benefit from the micro environment created by the adult nurse plants.
In Himalaya some of the host plants are typically colonizer of nutrient-poor soils in habitats such as eroded soils and rocky
surfaces. Many of the plants themselves do not yield economic goods, but they can promote the growth of more useful plants
and have potential for reclamation of nutrient poor soils. 相似文献
23.
A study of temporal variation in methane efflux from the rice-fields indicated that weeds could modulate the CH4 emission by transporting atmospheric O2 more efficiently than rice plants to the rhizosphere, which suppressed CH4 formation in the oxic condition, inhibiting methanogenic activity. A more oxic environment in the sediment was reflected by the higher redox potential in the weed growing plots. Besides, cultivar differences in methane efflux might be attributed to various plant activities, more importantly root exudation, development of aerenchyma and the biomass. Peak emission of CH4 at the flowering stage in all the rice cultivars was associated with maximum extension of root mat, releasing exudates, which serve as carbon source for the methanogenic bacteria for CH4 formation. 相似文献
24.
Vinay Kumar Tyagi Shang-Lien Lo Ankur Rajpal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):6205-6217
The effects of alkali-enhanced microwave (MW; 50–175 °C) and ultrasonic (US) (0.75 W/mL, 15–60 min) pretreatments, on solubilisation and subsequent anaerobic digestion efficiency of pulp and paper mill waste-activated sludge, were investigated. Improvements in total chemical oxygen demand and volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilisation were limited to 33 and 39 % in MW pretreatment only (175 °C). It reached 78 and 66 % in combined MW–alkali pretreatment (pH 12?+?175 °C), respectively. Similarly, chemical oxygen demand and VSS solubilisation were 58 and 37 % in US pretreatment alone (60 min) and it improved by 66 and 49 % after US–alkali pretreatment (pH 12?+?60 min), respectively. The biogas yield for US 60 min–alkali (pH 12)-pretreated sludge was significantly improved by 47 and 20 % over the control and US 60 reactors, respectively. The biogas generation for MW (150 °C)–alkali (pH 12)-pretreated sludge was only 6.3 % higher than control; however, it was 8.3 % lower than the MW (150 °C) reactor, which was due to the inhibition of anaerobic activity under harsh thermal–alkali treatment condition. 相似文献
25.
Tyagi Shivani Annachhatre Ajit P. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(2):733-757
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - For environmental protection, safe disposal of toxic pollutants such as heavy metal is very important since they are regarded as hazardous waste.... 相似文献
26.
The development of methods and strategies to reduce the emission of methane from paddy fields is a central component of ongoing efforts to protect the Earth's atmosphere and to avert a possible climate change. It appears from this investigation that there can be more than one strategy to contain methane emission from paddy fields, which are thought to be a major source of methane emission in tropical Asia. Promising among the mitigating options may be water management, organic amendments, fertilizer application and selection of rice cultivars. It is always better to adopt multi-pronged strategies to contain CH4 efflux from rice wetlands. Use of fermented manures with low C/N ratio, application of sulfate-containing chemical fertilizers, selection of low CH4 emitting rice cultivars, and implementation of one or two short aeration periods before the heading stage can be effective options to minimize CH4 emission from paddy fields. Among these strategies, water management, which appears to be the best cost-effective and eco-friendly way for methane mitigation, is only possible when excess water is available for reflooding after short soil drying at the right timing and stage. However, in tropical Asia, rice fields are naturally flooded during the monsoonal rainy season and fully controlled drainage is often impossible. In such situation, water deficits during the vegetative and reproductive stage may drastically affect the rice yields. Thus, care must be taken to mitigate methane emission without affecting rice yields. 相似文献
27.
Critical review of EPS production, synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Klai Nouh Ram Saurabh Kumar Sellamuthu Balasubramanian Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):225-245
Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) produced by microorganisms represent biological macromolecules with unfathomable potentials and they are required to be explored further for their potential application as a bioflocculant in various wastewater sludge treatment. Although several studies already exist on biosynthetic pathways of different classical biopolymers like alginate and xanthan, no dedicated studies are available for EPS in sludge. This review highlights the EPS composition, functionality, and biodegradability for its potential use as a carbon source for production of other metabolites. Furthermore, the effect of various extraction methods(physical and chemical) on compositional, structural, physical and functional properties of microbial EPS has been addressed. The vital knowledge of the effect of extraction method on various important attributes of EPS can help to choose the suitable extraction method depending upon the intended use of EPS. The possible use of different molecular biological techniques for enhanced production of desired EPS was summarized. 相似文献
28.
Nanotechnology has attracted a great interest in recent years due to its expected impact on many areas such as energy, medicine, electronics, and space industries. This review provides the state-of-art knowledge on the synthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and yeast, and their effect on microbiological processes. The available microbes and their predicted nanoparticle biosynthesis mechanism, the conditions to control the size/shape and monodispersity of particles, and microbiological reaction rate enhancement using nanoparticles as catalysts are presented. The current limitations and future scope for specific research are also discussed. 相似文献
29.
Human and animal wastes are major sources of environmental pollution. Reliable methods of identifying waste sources are necessary to specify the types and locations of measures that best prevent and mitigate pollution. This investigation demonstrates the use of chemical markers (fecal sterols and bile acids) to identify selected sources of fecal pollution in the environment. Fecal sterols and bile acids were determined for pig, horse, cow, and chicken feces (10-26 feces samples for each animal). Concentrations of major fecal sterols (coprostanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, stigmastanol, and stigmasterol) and bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid) were determined using a gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technique. The fecal sterol and bile acid concentration data were used to estimate parameters of a multiple linear regression model for fecal source identification. The regression model was calibrated using 75% of the available data validated against the remaining 25% of the data points in a jackknife process that was repeated 15 times. The regression results were very favorable in the validation data set, with an overall coefficient of determination between predicted and actual fecal source of 0.971. To check the potential of the proposed model, it was applied on a set of simulated runoff data in predicting the specific animal sources. Almost 100% accuracy was obtained between the actual and predicted fecal sources. While additional work using polluted water (as opposed to fresh fecal samples) as well as multiple pollution sources are needed, results of this study clearly indicate the potential of this model to be useful in identifying the individual sources of fecal pollution. 相似文献
30.
Some researches studied the removal of steroid estrogens by enzymatic treatment, however none verified the residual estrogenicity after the enzymatic treatment at environmental conditions. In this study, the residual estrogenic activities of the key natural and synthetic steroid estrogens were investigated following enzymatic treatment with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and laccase from Trametes versicolor. Synthetic water and municipal wastewater containing environmental concentrations of estrone, 17beta-estradiol, estriol, and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol were treated. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the studied steroid estrogens were completely oxidized in the wastewater reaction mixture after a 1-h treatment with either HRP (8-10 U ml(-1)) or laccase (20 U ml(-1)). Using the recombinant yeast assay, it was also confirmed that both enzymatic treatments were very efficient in removing the estrogenic activity of the studied steroid estrogens. The laccase-catalyzed process seemed to present great advantages over the HRP-catalyzed system for up-scale applications for the treatment of municipal wastewater. 相似文献