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121.
Yuri N. Skiba Valentina Davydova-Belitskaya 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2002,7(3):153-162
A method for estimating the impact of industrial emissions is suggested and applied to the Guadalajara City Metropolitan Area (GCMA). The method is based on solutions to the pollution transport model and its adjoint. Two equivalent direct and adjoint mean pollution concentration estimates are considered for ecologically important zones of the GCMA. The dependence of these estimates on the number, positions and emission rates of industrial plants, as well as on the wind and initial pollution distribution in the GCMA is qualitatively and quantitatively examined. It is shown that the adjoint model solutions serve as the influence functions providing valuable information on the role of each of the industrial plants in polluting different zones within the GCMA. These solutions have been calculated with a balanced and absolutely stable second-order finite-difference scheme based on the splitting method. A method for an optimal allocation of a new industrial plant is considered. 相似文献
122.
Agustin?SchiaritiEmail author Valentina?Melica Tja?a?Kogov?ek Alenka?Malej 《Marine Biology》2015,162(8):1665-1672
Aureliaaurita s.l. scyphistomae are capable of developing different asexual modes for propagation and thus present a multi-mode reproductive strategy. The reproduction rates and the reproductive strategy they adopt depend on a combination of various environmental parameters. We investigated the A.aurita s.l. polyp-to-polyp reproduction strategy and population growth in relation to polyp density. Our results confirmed that density-dependent factors control population growth of A. aurita s.l. scyphistomae in three different ways: (1) decreasing the polyp reproduction rate, (2) triggering the production of motile bud-like tissue particles and (3) inducing the detachment of developed scyphistomae. Whereas the decrease in the reproduction rate reduces the number of recruits, the motile particles and the detachment of scyphistomae contribute to minimizing density-dependent effects by allowing reproductive products and scyphistomae to drift away. Thus, not only are the negative effects of intraspecific competition for space and food diminished but also the potential colonization of new substrates, and further increase in scyphistoma density is favoured on larger spatial scales. The potential capability to switch its polyp-to-polyp reproduction strategy in response to environmental clues and population density may give Aurelia high adaptability in the temperate coastal waters where they commonly live and where they may be exposed to wide-ranging and fluctuating environmental variables that affect their survival and longevity. Considering these features, as well as the wide tolerance of Aurelia scyphistomae (and medusae) to environmental parameters, it is not surprising that the species/lineages of Aurelia are cosmopolitan and exhibit the most frequent bloom events worldwide. 相似文献
123.
Assessment of nitrogen leaching from arable land in large river basins: Part I. Simulation experiments using a process-based model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A two-step procedure for analysing nitrogen leaching from arable land in large river basins is suggested: (1) application of a process-based dynamic model for a set of representative conditions in a large river basin to simulate water and nitrogen fluxes and (2) development of a fuzzy-rule based metamodel using the simulated nitrogen fluxes in Step 1 as a training set. After that the metamodel can be used for rapid assessment of water quality inside the considered ranges of parameters, describing natural conditions and management practices. This paper describes Step 1 of the procedure. Step 2 is described in an accompanying paper (Haberlandt et al., Ecological Modelling 150 (3) (2002) 277–294). The advantage of this approach is that it combines the ‘process-based foundation’ with the resulting simplicity of the metamodel. Simulation experiments for analysing nitrogen (N) leaching from arable land were performed using the Soil and Water Integrated Model (SWIM) for a set of representative conditions in the Saale basin (23 687 km2) in Central Europe. The Saale River is one of the main tributaries of the Elbe. In advance, hydrological validation of the model was done for the whole Saale basin and validation of nitrogen dynamics was fulfilled in two mesoscale sub-basins of the Elbe. For the simulation experiments the drainage basin area was sub-divided into five climate zones and nine representative soil classes were chosen. The basic rotation and fertilisation schemes were established using regional information obtained from literature. In addition, the effects of changing the basic rotation to more/less intensive ones and changing fertilisation rates by 50% increase/decrease were studied. The ranges of simulated nitrogen fluxes for the basic rotation and fertilisation schemes are comparable to available regional estimates and differences between sub-regions and soils are plausible. The relative importance of natural and anthropogenic factors affecting nitrogen leaching for the Saale River basin was as follows: (1) soil, (2) climate, (3) fertilisation rate and (4) crop rotation. The simulation experiments provide a basis for a fuzzy-rule based metamodel approach, which aims at rapid water quality assessment of large regions. 相似文献
124.
125.
126.
Laura Pavesi Valentina Iannilli Paola Zarattini Elvira De Matthaeis 《Marine Biology》2007,151(4):1585-1595
The distribution of three talitrid species—Talitrus saltator (Montagu, 1808), Orchestia gammarella (Pallas, 1766), Platorchestia platensis (Kroyer, 1845)—in the beach-dune system at the mouth of the Mignone River (central Italy) was analysed. It was related to
the variations of the following abiotic factors: temperature, penetrability, pH, conductivity and moisture of the sediment.
The beach-dune system is influenced by human impact and natural erosion. All species showed a maximum capture frequency in
November, while the abundance decreased to a minimum in July. T. saltator was dominant on the beach, the other two along the riverbank. Juveniles were abundant along the riverbank; they were most
abundant in November and almost disappeared in summer. T. saltator was more abundant near the waterline during the hottest months and occupied the inner beach in winter, with occasional presences
on the dune. Regression analysis between the abiotic factors and species abundance showed a positive relationship with pH
and temperature for T. saltator, while O. gammarella was negatively related to pH. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that penetrability, moisture and temperature
had the greatest influence on the species. T. saltator was almost entirely confined to the beach transects and strongly associated with penetrability, temperature and pH values.
O. gammarella was mostly associated with the riverbank and P. platensis only found there and on a nearby pool. The two species were mainly influenced by moisture and variations in grain sizes of
the sediment. 相似文献
127.
Milena Petriccione Valentina Forte Diego Valente Claudia Ciniglia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4859-4871
Catechol is a highly toxic organic pollutant, usually abundant in the waste effluents of industrial processes and agricultural activities. The environmental sources of catechol include pesticides, wood preservatives, tanning lotion, cosmetic creams, dyes, and synthetic intermediates. Genotoxicity of catechol at a concentration range 5?×?10?1–5 mM was evaluated by applying random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and time-lapse DNA laddering tests using onion (Allium cepa) root cells as the assay system. RAPD analysis revealed polymorphisms in the nucleotidic sequence of DNA that reflected the genotoxic potential of catechol to provoke point mutations, or deletions, or chromosomal rearrangements. Time-lapse DNA laddering test provided evidence that catechol provoked DNA necrosis and apoptosis. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining could distinguish apoptotic from necrotic cells in root cells of A. cepa. 相似文献
128.
Skiba YN Parra-Guevara D Belitskaya DV 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,111(1-3):89-112
Mathematical methods based on the adjoint model approach are given for the air-pollution estimation and control in an urban
region. A simple advection–diffusion-reaction model and its adjoint are used to illustrate the application of the methods.
Dual pollution concentration estimates in ecologically important zones are derived and used to develop two non-optimal strategies
and one optimal strategy for controlling the emission rates of enterprises. A linear convex combination of these strategies
represents a new sufficient strategy. A method for detecting the enterprises, which violate the emission rates prescribed
by a control, is given. A method for determining an optimal position for a new enterprise in the region is also described. 相似文献
129.
Carlo Corchia M.D. Pierpaolo Mastroiacovo Roberta Lanni Valentina Grimaldi Gioacchino Scarano Dante Baronciani 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(6):535-540
The purpose of this study was to find out possible differences in prenatal diagnosis (PD) by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling and ultrasound examination before 16 weeks' gestation (early ultrasound examination, EUE), according to area of residence and level of education of the mothers. Data come from a multicentre study in Italy involving 43 maternity hospitals (Mercurio project) and were collected through structured interviews a few days after delivery. Study subjects were 1541 mothers of single non-malformed infants born between April 1992 and March 1994. Overall, the incidence of PD and EUE was 5.8 and 80 per cent, respectively. After adjustment for maternal age and other possible confounders, the odds ratios for PD were 2.19 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI)=1.26–3.81) when women residing in the northern regions were compared with those residing in the southern regions, and 2.06 (95 per cent CI=1.12–3.79) and 4.08 (95 per cent CI=1.97–8.42) when women with medium and high levels of education were compared with those with low level. For EUE, the odds ratios were 1.77 (95 per cent CI=1.32–2.36) and 2.88 (95 per cent CI=1.56–5.29) when comparing women with medium and high levels of education with those with low level. No relationship was found between area of residence and EUE. These geographical and social inequalities in prenatal care in Italy should be taken into account for the organization, delivery, and evaluation of pregnancy services in the coming years. 相似文献
130.
Mourad Boulaid Ana Aguilera Valentina Busonera Francisco Camacho Antonio V. Monterreal Antonio Valverde 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):809-815
An analytical method, using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), was assessed for residue analysis of the insecticides fipronil, acrinathrin and pyridaben and the fungicide kresoxim-methyl in melons. Extraction conditions were optimized on glass beads, as inert material, evaluating different pressures, temperatures, and CO2 volumes. Also, the extractability of pesticides from hydromatrix and anhydrous magnesium sulfate was evaluated. Both adsorbents were evaluated for the preparation of SFE-spiked melon samples. Extractions of fortified samples were done using 20 mL of CO2, 300 atm, and 50°C. Different extraction conditions, including the addition of water and methanol as a static modifier, were used to assess the extractability of these pesticides, and the addition of methanol was demonstrated to improve the extraction of all the studied pesticides. 相似文献