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131.
The relationship between a large number of mine and mine worker characteristics and injury severity was examined using multiple regression techniques. The study was based on data extracted from the New South Wales (N.S.W.) Joint Coal Board's computer based accident/incident reporting system describing 21,372 non-fatal, lost-time injurious incidents that occurred in the N.S.W. underground coal mining industry during the 4 year period from 1 July 1986 to 30 June 1990. The number of days lost as a result of an injurious incident was the best available proxy measure of injury severity. Over the study period, the number of days lost per 100,000 tonnes of raw coal production declined by 73%. Over the same period, injurious incidents involving more than 20 days off work, which constituted only 16% of all injurious incidents in underground mines, resulted in 75% of the total days lost for the whole N.S.W. underground coal mining industry. Factors that had practical importance and that were significantly associated with injury severity included mine worker's age, part of the body injured, type of accident, agency of accident, and mine worker activity. Factors not important or not significant in their relationship with injury severity were: time into shift, previous hours worked, mine location of incident, occupation, work experience, frequency of task, shift, and mining region. This study suggests that factors related to the susceptibility of a mine worker's body tissue to damage or repair, and factors related to the concentration of energy on the mine worker by vehicle and environmental characteristics are important determinants of injury severity. 相似文献
132.
Identification of copper sources in urban surface waters using the principal component analysis based on aquatic parameters 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sodre FF dos Anjos VE Prestes EC Grassi MT 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(6):581-585
The goal of this work was to identify the sources of copper loads in surface urban waters using principal component analysis under the aquatic parameters data evaluation approach. Water samples from the Irai and Iguacu rivers were collected monthly during a 12-month period at two points located upstream and downstream of a metropolitan region. pH, total alkalinity, dissolved chloride, total suspended solids, dissolved organic matter, total recoverable copper, temperature, and precipitation data provided some reliable information concerning the characteristics and water quality of both rivers. Principal component analysis indicated seasonal and spatial effects on copper concentration and loads in both environments. During the rainy season, non-point sources such as urban run-off are believed to be the major source of copper in both cases. In contrast, during the lower precipitation period, the discharge of raw sewage seems to be the primary source of copper to the Iguacu River, which also exhibited higher total metal concentrations. 相似文献
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135.
通过收集网络文本分析游客对旅游目的地形象的评价和感受,运用数据挖掘的手段得到游客感知目的地形象的属性与特征,已成为旅游形象研究的重要途径。本研究以携程旅行网(www.ctrip.com)上发表的韶山游记作为样本,使用Rost Content Mining内容挖掘软件得到游客感知的韶山旅游目的地形象的属性特征,运用内容分析法,建立分析类目。在此基础上,分别对建立的四个分析类目进行分析,探索游客对韶山旅游目的地形象的感知,并就游客对韶山旅游目的地形象的感知进行归纳和分析,由此,得出互联网传播的游客对韶山旅游目的地形象感知的结论。 相似文献
136.
Keith W. Sockman Jack Weiss Michael S. Webster Vanessa Talbott Hubert Schwabl 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(4):617-625
Maternally derived androgen hormones concentrate in avian egg yolks as the yolks grow on the female’s ovary, possibly forming
a basis for important maternal effects in birds. In the American kestrel (Falco sparverius), experimental elevation of yolk androgens in the first-laid egg of a clutch (a-egg) to the concentrations found naturally
in a clutch’s later-laid eggs reduces the growth rate of a-egg nestlings compared to controls. These findings, together with
discoveries from other species that the effects of yolk androgens on growth of female nestlings may differ from their effects
on growth of male nestlings, raise the hypothesis that natural changes in yolk-androgen concentrations with laying order are
ultimately due to a difference between the sexes in their yolk-androgen sensitivity and between early- and late-laid eggs
in their sex ratio. By re-analyzing previously published data and adding to the analysis data from previously unanalyzed blood
samples used for sex determination, we investigated possible sex-specific effects of yolk-androgens in the context of a potential
sex-biased laying order in free-living American kestrels. We used a multi-level, mixed model with a Gompertz function to analyze
growth of nestlings hatching from a-eggs that were control-treated or in which we experimentally elevated yolk-androgen concentrations
shortly after laying to the higher concentrations naturally found in later-laid eggs. We discovered that male nestlings were
more susceptible than female nestlings to growth inhibition by yolk-androgen elevation but did not find a bias in sex ratio
with respect to laying order. Together, these findings do not support the above hypothesis. However, they are consistent with
the hypothesis that sex differences in yolk-androgen sensitivity enable mothers to economically tune reproductive effort to
an individual offspring’s reproductive value, which can vary more for one sex than the other. 相似文献
137.
Vanessa L. Bonanno Albrecht I. Schulte-Hostedde 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(6):835-846
Sperm competition is widespread in mammals and occurs when ejaculates from two or more males compete within the female’s reproductive
tract to fertilize the ova. Enlarged testes are associated with sperm competition because they produce sperm, but the accessory
glands produce fluids and proteins that are also important for fertilization success. Sperm morphology can also have consequences
for fertilization success because of its influence on sperm motility. Red squirrels engage in multiple mating, and thus sperm
competition is likely. Here, we assess levels of multiple paternity in a natural population of red squirrels, test the prediction
that testis size is correlated with size of the accessory glands and sperm morphometry, and test the prediction that ejaculate
investment is condition-dependent. Five of six litters (83%) showed evidence of multiple paternity, indicating that sperm
competition is likely to have occurred. Testis size was correlated with the size of all three accessory glands (prostate,
seminal vesicle, epididymides), and there was a generally positive relationship between the size of the accessory glands and
sperm length. Sperm morphology showed significant variation in size and shape among individual male squirrels. There was no
evidence of condition dependence of testis size or the size of the accessory glands, but sperm midpiece length was negatively
related to body condition. Further work should include determining the fitness consequence of variation in sperm morphometry,
testis size, and accessory gland size, and determining the effects of variation in ejaculate investment on sperm motility. 相似文献
138.
Cargnelutti D Tabaldi LA Spanevello RM de Oliveira Jucoski G Battisti V Redin M Linares CE Dressler VL de Moraes Flores EM Nicoloso FT Morsch VM Schetinger MR 《Chemosphere》2006,65(6):999-1006
In this study, the effects of exogenous mercury (HgCl(2)) on time-dependent changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase), lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content and protein oxidation in cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.) were investigated. Cucumber seedlings were exposed to from 0 to 500microM of HgCl(2) during 10 and 15 days. Hg was readily absorbed by growing seedlings, and its content was greater in the roots than the in shoot. Time and concentration-dependent reduction in root and shoot length was observed at all concentrations tested, equally in the roots and shoot, at both 10 and 15 days. At 50microM HgCl(2), root fresh weight of 15-day-old seedlings increased, and at other concentrations, it reduced. For 10-day-old seedlings, reduction in root and shoot fresh biomass was observed. At 15 days, only at 50microM HgCl(2) was there no observed reduction in shoot fresh biomass. Dry weight of roots increased at 500microM both at 10 and 15 days, though at 250microM HgCl(2) there was only an increase at 15 days. There was a significant effect on shoot dry weight at all concentrations tested. Hg-treated seedlings showed elevated levels of lipid peroxides with a concomitant increase in protein oxidation levels, and decreased chlorophyll content when exposed to between 250 and 500microM of HgCl(2). At 10 days, catalase activity increased in seedlings at a moderately toxic level of Hg, whereas at the higher concentration (500microM), there was a marked inhibition. Taken together, our results suggest that Hg induces oxidative stress in cucumber, resulting in plant injury. 相似文献
139.
The terms used to describe and negotiate environmental quality are both ambiguous and value-laden. Stakeholders intimately
and actively involved in the management of forested lands were interviewed and found to use ambiguous, tautological, and value-laden
definitions of terms such as health, biodiversity, sustainability, and naturalness. This confusing language hinders public
participation efforts and produces calls to regulate and remove discretion from environmental professionals. Our data come
from in-depth interviews with environmental management professionals and other stakeholders heavily vested in negotiating
the fate of forested lands. We contend that environmental science and management will be more effective if its practitioners
embrace and make explicit these ambiguous and evaluative qualities rather than ignore and disguise them. 相似文献
140.
Christine Vanessa Schmidt Sabine Frohschammer Alexandra Schrempf Jürgen Heinze 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(1):69-72
Mother–son mating (oedipal mating) is practically non-existent in social Hymenoptera, as queens typically avoid inbreeding, mate only early in life and do not mate again after having begun to lay eggs. In the ant genus Cardiocondyla mating occurs among sib in the natal nests. Sex ratios are extremely female-biased and young queens face the risk of remaining without mating partners. Here, we show that virgin queens of Cardiocondyla argyrotricha produce sons from their own unfertilized eggs and later mate with them to produce female offspring from fertilized eggs. Oedipal mating may allow C. argyrotricha queens to found new colonies when no mating partners are available and thus maintains their unusual life history combining monogyny, mating in the nest, and low male production. Our result indicates that a trait that sporadically occurs in solitary haplodiploid animals may evolve also in social Hymenoptera under appropriate ecological and social conditions. 相似文献