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111.
处理社会生态系统的不确定性和复杂性,深深地有赖于自然资源用户从使人惊讶的生态事件和危机中学习并适应的能力.本文分析了为什幺学习过程受自然资源用户中间的战略行为的影响,怎样影响,并且社会冲突是怎样受到社会和生态不确定性影响的.本文的主张是自然资源用户中的社会冲突严重抑止了从社会生态系统中学习并适应的可能性.这是结合了政治学、实验经济学、社会心理学并研究了一个分析案例后得出的,该案例研究了瑞典水管理制度中复杂的社会冲突和制度变化.本文还探讨了在瑞典水管理制度中,制度背景在确定学习过程的结果中扮演的关键性角色,并因此突出了以前在社会生态系统中学习过程和制度变化的较不详尽的政治方面. 相似文献
112.
113.
Victor M. Ponce Donna S. Lindquist 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(2):259-268
ABSTRACT: Baseflow augmentation refers to the temporary storage of subsurface water in floodplains, streambanks, and/or stream bottoms during the wet season, either by natural or artificial means, for later release during the dry season to increase the magnitude and permanence of low flows. Management strategies for baseflow augmentation fall into the following categories: (1) range management, (2) upland vegetation management, (3) riparian vegetation management, (4) upland runoff detention and retention, and (5) the use of instream structures. The benefits of a management strategy focused on baseflow augmentation are many, including: (1) increased summer flows, (2) healthier riparian areas, (3) increased channel and bank stability, (4) decreased erosion and sediment transport, (5) improved water quality, (6) enhanced fish and wildlife habitat, (7) lower stream temperatures, and (8) improved stream aesthetics. This review has shown that baseflow augmentation has been successfully accomplished in a few documented cases. Given its clear impact on soil and water conservation, particularly in the semiarid western U.S., it appears that baseflow augmentation is a concept whose time has come. Research is needed on how to successfully integrate baseflow augmentation within comprehensive resource management strategies. 相似文献
114.
Richard B. Mclean John J. Beauchamp Victor E. Kane Paul T. Singley 《Environmental management》1982,6(5):431-439
A model is presented that allows testing of hypotheses concerning the effects of temperature and change in temperature on impingement. The model is evaluated using data from the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Steam Plant, Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee, USA for two fish species impinged in large numbers in the United States: threadfin and gizzard shad,Dorosoma petenense andD. cepedianum. Hydrographic characteristics near the intake screens were mapped to help explain the possible role of hydrography in distributing fish across the screens. Understanding the role of temperature and hydrography in impingement of fish provides a basis for new intake designs that may reduce impingement and helps in the development of methods to reduce impingement at existing facilities. The temperature modeling approach and conclusions about hydrographic effects might be applied to other systems in which cold-stressed schooling fish are impinged.Research sponsored by the Office of Health and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy, under contract W-7405-eng-26 with Union Carbide Corporation.Publication No. 1872, Environmental Sciences Division, ORNL. 相似文献
115.
Aram Terchunian Victor Klemas Alberto Segovia Agustin Alvarez Bryon Vasconez Luis Guerrero 《Environmental management》1986,10(3):345-350
A cooperative mangrove mapping project between the Ecuadorian Center for Remote Sensing (CLIRSEN) and the University of Delaware was begun in August 1982. The objectives of the project were to create historical maps of mangrove ecosystem extent and change, while transferring aerial photographic interpretation techniques to Ecuadorian personnel. The result of this cooperation was a series of three 125,000 scale maps of historical mangrove extent and change from 1966 to 1982 in the southern Gulf of Guayaquil. This multitemporal study showed a 16% decrease in mangrove extent and a 27% increase in shrimp pond development. If these rates of change prevail into the future, mangroves in Ecuador will reach parity with shrimp ponds in 1984 and completely disappear by mid-1990. Recognizing the significance of this loss to shellfish and fish production along the coast, Ecuadorian scientists at CLIRSEN have subsequently initiated a nationwide mangrove mapping program to create a historical base for future mangrove management strategies. 相似文献
116.
Sales Victor Ribeiro Azevedo Patricia Zucchi Maria Imaculada Nocelli Roberta Cornélio Ferreira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(42):62711-62732
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Brazil presents the most threatened endemic or rare species among neotropical regions, with the Hymenoptera order, to which bees belong, classified as... 相似文献
117.
Dupuis Victor Proust Sébastien Berni Céline Paquier André 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2016,16(6):1173-1193
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Open channel flows subjected to a longitudinal transition in roughness, from bed friction to emergent cylinder drag and vice versa, are investigated experimentally... 相似文献
118.
Scott Victor Valentine 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(2):120-132
This paper argues for a renewed international focus on managed population reduction as a key enabler of sustainable development. The paper presents development data that demonstrate why population reduction should be elevated to share top priority with poverty alleviation, as the two over-arching goals of international development strategy. The critical analysis put forth in this paper argues that the current ‘unsustainable’ approach to sustainable development stems from (1) ‘empty world’ economic growth theory applied to a ‘full world’, which is (2) supported and driven by socioeconomic incentives to expand population, (3) justified through flawed interpretation of demographic transition theory, (4) bolstered by the exaggerated efficacy of environmental economic theory applied in a resource-constrained world, (5) insulated from challenge by limitations of scientific knowledge and (6) perpetuated by herd behavior. This paper concludes that failure to reduce global population will inhibit attainment of poverty alleviation and worsen environmental degradation. 相似文献
119.
Farooqi Sidra Anis Farooqi Ahmad Salam Sajjad Shamaila Yan Chenglin Victor Ayodele Bamidele 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(3):1515-1553
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Global warming is partly caused by massive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere by industrial and other human activities.... 相似文献
120.
Victor Moutinho Mara Madaleno Joo Paulo Bento 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2020,27(2):363-413
Few studies have attempted to study the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis at the individual sector level using more than one sector at once. This paper investigates the existence of the EKC hypothesis in the Iberian countries (Portugal and Spain) using thirteen economic activity sectors for each, analyzing each individual sector’s cointegration and causality relationships considering carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, sector gross value added and energy consumption. The findings of this paper using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach only validate cointegration in six Portuguese sectors and in five of the Spanish sectors. Results confirm both short- and long-run bi-directional and unidirectional causality between economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions, using the error correction model (ECM) and Toda and Yamamoto’s causality approaches. Moreover, results for Portuguese and Spanish sectors indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship only for one sector each. In some sectors there was evidence of a U-shaped relationship and in others the EKC hypothesis could be verified but no statistical significance was obtained. The study has significant contributions for sector policy, including implications to curtail energy pollutants by implementing environmental friendly regulations to sustain economic development at the sector level in the Iberian market. It also allows inferences to be made about the existence of different behaviors in comparative terms for the same economic activity sectors of the individual countries. 相似文献