考虑公众选择偏好的应急避难安置双阶段选址-分配模型

为使开放避难场所符合公众自行避难的实际情况,借鉴Huff模型量化公众选择行为,构建双阶段选址-分配模型,第1阶段确定开放避难场所位置,第2阶段将溢出容量的灾民二次分配到有剩余容量的避难场所,并利用改进粒子群算法进行求解。研究结果表明：双阶段选址-分配模型能够实现同一需求点灾民前往不同避难场所的过程,管理者干预政策能够使服务人数大幅度增加,避免资源浪费、灾民流离失所且二次分配情况主要依赖于第1阶段的结果。研究结果可为管理部门规划应急避难场所提供参考。     

奥运场馆多姿多彩

2008年将在北京举办的第29届奥林匹克运动会,北京赛区需要31个比赛场馆。其中新建场馆12个、改扩建场馆11个、8个临时场馆。新建的12个场馆是：国家体育场(“鸟巢”)、国家游泳中心(“水立方”)、国家体育馆(体操、手球、蹦床)、北京射击馆(射击)、五棵松体育馆(兰球)、老山自行车馆(场地自行车)、奥     

基于非线性技术锅炉故障分析*

为预测和判断锅炉故障的发生,完善锅炉故障检测技术,基于锅炉运转具有非线性特点,提出将非线性评价指标应用于锅炉故障诊断。研究特征信号的非线性特性,通过确定延迟时间和嵌入维数来重构相空间;采用混沌分形理论研究非线性评价指标;提取最大Lyapunov指数和关联维数,并为收集的每种特征信号选择最合适的非线性指标。结果表明:蒸汽压力的非线性特征指标应选择关联维数,烟气温度1、烟气温度2、水管温度1和水管温度2的非线性特征指标应当选择最大Lyapunov指数。     

地铁站附属地下餐饮空间噪声特征分析

利用专业噪声测量设备及噪声频谱分析设备,对地铁站附属地下餐饮空间区域噪声进行监测,绘制噪声小时频谱。经分析发现地铁附属地下餐饮空间声环境会受到客流、空间位置及餐铺建筑结构影响,因此在该类空间进行降噪设计中应充分考虑这些因素的影响。     

基层环境统计年报中的问题及建议

环境统计工作是环境保护工作中的基础,是各级政府和环境保护行政主管部门制定环境保护政策和计划、加强环境监督管理和污染防治的重要依据。本文结合日常工作经验,就目前基层环境统计工作中存在的问题进行探讨,并提出一些建议。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定大米粉中的硒形态

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)测定大米粉中硒代胱氨酸(SeCys_2)、甲基-硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)、亚硒酸根(Se(Ⅳ))、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)、硒酸根(Se(Ⅵ))等5种硒形态的分析方法.采用Hamilton PRP-X100分析柱,以pH 4和pH 6的20 mmol·L~(-1)的柠檬酸溶液辅以少量甲醇为流动相,在梯度洗脱条件下,9 min内可实现5种硒形态完全分离.SeCys_2、MeSeCys、Se(Ⅳ)、SeMet、Se(Ⅵ)的检出限分别为0.88、0.69、1.00、0.90、0.82μg·L~(-1).利用富硒小麦粉标准物质RM8436探讨了不同提取方式的提取效果.最终确定75 mmol·L~(-1) Tris-HCl(pH 7.5)添加XIV蛋白酶和Driselase酶作为提取剂,在37℃振荡提取3 h为大米样品前处理方法.利用该方法分析了富硒地区大米粉中的硒形态,结果表明,大米粉中的硒主要以有机硒形态为主,其中SeMet是最主要的硒形态,占总硒的90%左右.     

Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and health risk assessment

• Washed MSWI fly ash was used as partial cement or sand substitute. • Sand replacing is beneficial for strength, while cement replacement reduces strength. • Cementing efficiency factor and mortar pore structure explain the strength results. • Health risk assessment was conducted for MSWI fly ash blended cement mortar. • CR and HI contributed by different exposures and heavy metals were analyzed. The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount, whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute. A mortar with highest strength (compressive strength= 30.2 Mpa; flexural strength= 7.0 Mpa) was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%. The k value (cementing efficiency) of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5% and 25%. The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution. The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement, providing an explanation for the strength enhancement. The waste-extraction procedure (toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method (HJ/T 299-2007)) was used to evaluate metal leaching, indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar. For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%, the carcinogenic risks (CR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ) in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 × 10^-7 and 0.06, respectively; these results were both lower than the threshold values, showing an acceptable health risk. The CR (9.89 × 10^-5) and HQ (3.89) of the non-sensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values, indicating health risks to onsite workers. The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd, respectively. The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.