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排序方式: 共有123条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
81.
Sullivent EE West CA Noe RS Thomas KE Wallace LJ Leeb RT 《Journal of Safety Research》2006,37(2):213-217
The Journal of Safety Research has partnered with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, to briefly report on some of the latest findings in the research community. This report is the fourth edition in a series of CDC articles. BACKGROUND: An active injury and illness surveillance system was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) along with the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (LDHH) in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in functioning hospitals and medical clinics. RESULTS: The surveillance system recorded 7,543 nonfatal injuries among residents and relief workers between September 8-October 14, 2005. The leading mechanisms of injury identified in both groups were fall and cut/stab/pierce, with a greater proportion of residents compared to relief workers injured during the repopulation period. Clean-up was the most common activity at the time of injury for both groups. CONCLUSION: Injuries documented through this system underscore the need for surveillance of exposed populations to determine the injury burden and initiate injury prevention activities and health communication campaigns. 相似文献
82.
Judy L. Meyer David L. Strayer J. Bruce Wallace Sue L. Eggert Gene S. Helfman Norman E. Leonard 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(1):86-103
Abstract: The diversity of life in headwater streams (intermittent, first and second order) contributes to the biodiversity of a river system and its riparian network. Small streams differ widely in physical, chemical, and biotic attributes, thus providing habitats for a range of unique species. Headwater species include permanent residents as well as migrants that travel to headwaters at particular seasons or life stages. Movement by migrants links headwaters with downstream and terrestrial ecosystems, as do exports such as emerging and drifting insects. We review the diversity of taxa dependent on headwaters. Exemplifying this diversity are three unmapped headwaters that support over 290 taxa. Even intermittent streams may support rich and distinctive biological communities, in part because of the predictability of dry periods. The influence of headwaters on downstream systems emerges from their attributes that meet unique habitat requirements of residents and migrants by: offering a refuge from temperature and flow extremes, competitors, predators, and introduced species; serving as a source of colonists; providing spawning sites and rearing areas; being a rich source of food; and creating migration corridors throughout the landscape. Degradation and loss of headwaters and their connectivity to ecosystems downstream threaten the biological integrity of entire river networks. 相似文献
83.
William A. Wallace 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1991,1(4):419-445
Today's hazardous waste engineering practice is based on the premise that the current technologies for conducting hazardous waste remediation are sufficient to solve most problems. The premise is false: Except for simple sites, the current practice cannot deliver answers with the required accuracy and precision. This article describes the huge uncertainties present in complex hazardous waste remediation efforts. It also discusses the “observational” method, which originated in the geotechnical engineering field, as a means of coping with these uncertainties during site characterization and remediation. The article includes case-study examples illustrating the use of the observational method at hazardous waste sites. 相似文献
84.
L. J. Lane M. H. Diskin D. E. Wallace R. M. Dixon 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(5):1143-1158
ABSTRACT: Significant errors in estimating surface runoff and erosion rates are possible if a watershed is assumed to contribute runoff uniformly over the entire area, when actually only a portion of the entire area may be contributing. Generation of overland flow on portions of small semiarid watersheds was analyzed by three methods: an average loss rate procedure, a lumped-linear model, and a distributed-nonlinear model. These methods suggested that, on the average, 45, 60, and 50% of the drainage area was contributing runoff at the watershed outlet. Infiltrometer data support the partial area concept and indicate that the low infiltration zones are the runoff source areas as simulated with the distributed-nonlinear model. 相似文献
85.
Pip Wallace Ross Martin Iain White 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(7):1271-1288
This paper analyses regulatory responses to rapid intensification of the use of drones/remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) in the context of wildlife protection. Benefits and disadvantages of the technology to wildlife are examined, before three key limitations in policy and law are identified: failure to address wildlife disturbance in RPA regulation; reliance upon insufficiently comprehensive existing wildlife protection legislation to manage disturbance effects; and limited species-specific research on disturbance. A New Zealand case study further reveals an inconsistent regulatory approach struggling to keep pace with innovation, inadequate regulatory capture of environmental effects due to exemption as “aircraft”, and no recognition that specific geographical locations, such as coastal areas, distinguished by recreational pressures and high numbers of threatened species require special consideration. Recommendations include acknowledging the impact on wildlife in policy, gap analysis of legal arrangements for protection from disturbance (including airspace), and adoption of minimum approach distances to threatened species. 相似文献
86.
87.
Albert M McGartland Wallace E Oates 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1985,12(3):207-228
This paper develops a modified system of marketable emission permits that promises both savings in abatement costs to sources and improved environmental quality relative to an initial command-and-control (CAC) outcome. Using a model of TSP emissions for the Baltimore Air Quality Control Region (AQCR), a series of simulation exercises indicates that such a permit system could generate large cost savings while inducing significant reductions in TSP concentrations as compared to the existing CAC regime in Baltimore. 相似文献
88.
Liu YQ Keane M Ensell M Miller W Kashon M Ong TM Mauderly J Lawson D Gautam M Zielinska B Whitney K Eberhardt J Wallace W 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(1):60-66
Acetone extracts of engine exhaust particulate matter (PM) and of vapor-phase semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) collected from a set of 1998-2000 model year normal emitter diesel engine automobile or light trucks and from a set of 1982-1996 normal emitter gasoline engine automobiles or light trucks operated on the California Unified Driving Cycle at 22 [degree]C were assayed for in vitro genotoxic activities. Gasoline and diesel PM were comparably positive mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium strains YG1024 and YG1029 on a mass of PM extract basis with diesel higher on a mileage basis; gasoline SVOC was more active than diesel on an extracted-mass basis, with diesel SVOC more active on a mileage basis. For chromosomal damage indicated by micronucleus induction in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells), diesel PM expressed about one-tenth that of gasoline PM on a mass of extract basis, but was comparably active on a mileage basis; diesel SVOC was inactive. For DNA damage in V79 cells indicated by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, gasoline PM was positive while diesel PM was active at the higher doses; gasoline SVOC was active with toxicity preventing measurement at high doses, while diesel SVOC was inactive at all but the highest dose. 相似文献
89.
Allen R Wallace L Larson T Sheppard L Liu LJ 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(9):1197-1211
Epidemiological studies of particulate matter (PM) routinely use concentrations measured with stationary outdoor monitors as surrogates for personal exposure. Despite the frequently reported poor correlations between ambient concentrations and total personal exposure, the epidemiologic associations between ambient concentrations and health effects depend on the correlation between ambient concentrations and personal exposure to ambient-generated PM. This paper separates personal PM exposure into ambient and nonambient components and estimates the outdoor contribution to personal PM exposures with continuous light scattering data collected from 38 subjects in Seattle, WA. Across all subjects, the average exposure encountered indoors at home was lower than in all other microenvironments. Cooking and being at school were associated with elevated levels of exposure. Previously published estimates of particle infiltration (Finf) were combined with time-location data to estimate an ambient contribution fraction (alpha, mean = 0.66+/-0.21) for each subject. The mean alpha was significantly lower for subjects monitored during the heating season (0.55+/-0.16) than for those monitored during the nonheating season (0.80+/-0.17). Our modeled alpha estimates agreed well with those estimated with the sulfur-tracer method (slope = 1.08; R2 = 0.67). We modeled exposure to ambient and nonambient PM with both continuous light scattering and 24-hr gravimetric data and found good agreement between the two methods. On average, ambient particles accounted for 48% of total personal exposure (range = 21-80%). The personal activity exposure was highly influenced by time spent away from monitored microenvironments. The median hourly longitudinal correlation between central site concentrations and personal exposures was 0.30. Although both alpha and the nonambient sources influence the personal-central relationship, the latter seems to dominate. Thus, total personal exposure may be poorly predicted by stationary outdoor monitors, particularly among persons whose PM exposure is dominated by nonambient exposures, for example, those living in tightly sealed homes, those who cook, and children. 相似文献
90.
While second-trimester prenatal screening programmes for Down's syndrome have become established in prenatal care, it would be advantageous to be able to offer screening in earlier preganancy. To this end, we have evaluated a new potential maternal serum marker, dimeric inhibin A, as a possible first-trimester marker. Dimeric inhibin A was measured in propsectively collected maternal serum from 23 cases of Down's syndrome and matched chromosomally normal controls, at 11–13 weeks' gestation. Levels of this protein were significantly elevated in the Down's pregnancies compared with the control pregnancies. The median multiple of the normal median (MOM) for the Down's samples was 2.46 (95 per cent confidence interval: 2.11–3.26, P<0.0001 vs. controls). These results suggest that dimeric inhibin A is a useful discriminator of Down's-affected pregnancies from normal pregnancies in the first trimester and that sensitive screening in combination with maternal age and other possible markers may be practicable in the first trimester. 相似文献