AHP-FUZZY综合评价法在确定清洁生产审核重点中的应用研究——以武汉市某电源公司为例

清洁生产审核是将清洁生产理念转变为企业层次上操作的具体程序,在进行审核时首要步骤是确定审核重点。现阶段确定审核重点主要运用权重总和计分排序法,该方法易受审核者主观影响,审核质量不易控制。AHP-Fuzzy综合评价法作为一种系统分析方法很好地弥补了权重总和计分排序法的不足,在系统工程的很多领域都有广泛应用。通过确定银泰电源公司清洁生产审核重点,建立七工段层次模型:确立目标,明确问题;建立系统的层次结构;构造判断矩阵;进行层次的单排序及一致性检验;进行层次总排序一致性检验;根据排序结果,提出决策建议,验证了该综合评价法在清洁生产审核应用中的科学性、可行性和准确性,能将比较复杂、不够确定的多因素问题转化为有数字依据的简单易行的评价模式,为企业清洁生产的定量考核和指标化管理提供了一个科学的评价方法。     

衡阳近五十年暴雨气候特征和变化规律分析

利用统计分析、Morlet小波分析和墨西哥帽小波诊断方法,对近50n衡阳暴雨的时空变化进行分析,得到其变化规律和周期震荡的突变点,结果表明:衡阳暴雨分布不均,其中南、北部偏多,中部偏少,平均暴雨数为3.0次/n;≥100mm暴雨占暴雨总数的11.0%,特大暴雨较少出现;衡阳局地性暴雨占23.6%,主要以区域性和全市性暴...     

陕南水镁石纤维的环境安全性评估

纤维水镁石在动物体内有一定的生物活性,但在人群流行性病学结果上显示的一系列信息如接尘工人只出现低的尘肺患病率,没有矽肺病和Ⅲ期尘肺患者。溶解性试验结果表明：水镁石纤维粉尘极易溶解在有机无机强弱酸、混合酸、有机无机铵盐、缓冲溶液中,也可部分溶于水中,导致其在体内滞留时间短且易于清除。说明水镁石纤维是安全的纤维材料且没有致瘤协同作用,由于矿物的表面/界面特征是除纤维特性以外控制纤维生物活性和危害性的关键因素之一,提出了矿物粉尘环境安全评价分类体系应突破矿物种的局限而深入到表面/界面的水平。     

便携式GC-MS在石油污染土壤应急监测中的应用

针对石油污染土壤中VOCs含量的应急监测,便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪适用于土壤中甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、三氯苯等13种苯系物的快速定量检测,通过对某废弃炼油厂土壤样品测定,该方法在快速定性的同时,定量测定5~20411μg/kg土壤样品具有很高的可靠性。     

蚀刻液水合肼还原除铜

将电路板厂废弃的蚀刻液,经氢氧化铜沉淀法回收大部分铜后,再采用水合肼还原,进一步除铜。反应温度为50℃,水合肼质量分数为3．0％,溶液pH为6．0,废液中铜的去除率可达98.5％,处理后废液中铜的质量浓度低于0．2g／L,可作为碱性蚀刻液重复利用。     

超声及N掺杂对TiO2光催化降解甲基橙活性的影响

在超声条件下采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙的光催化降解评价其光催化活性.运用XRD、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱等技术对试样的粒径、晶体结构及光学性能进行了表征.实验结果表明:超声能明显减小TiO2颗粒的粒径,提高颗粒分散度,提高TiO2在紫外光下的光催化剂活性;超声对N的掺杂产生了促进作用,使N掺杂纳米TiO2对可见光的吸收能力显著增强,在可见光下的光催化降解速率提高23％.     

Molecular docking analysis on antifungal properties of acid condensate produced from palm kernel shell

The rise in the number of fungi that resisted antifungal action is of serious concern nowadays. In this study, the potential of acid condensate (AC) produced from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) was investigated for its antifungal properties through molecular docking evaluation. The phenolic-rich AC was determined for its chemical compositions using the GC–MS analysis where compounds with the highest phenolics content were further evaluated (using the Autodock Tools 1.5.7) for its potential enzymes/protein binding properties. From the GC–MS analysis, catechol, guaiacol and syringol were present at highest percentages. This directly correlates with results obtained from the molecular docking works where all these ligands managed to bind (indicated by H-bond, π-stacking, hydrophobic interaction) with some of the amino acid at the active sites which indicate its potential to inhibit substrate binding of this enzyme. As a conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential use of AC from agricultural biomass such as PKS as a natural-based antifungal agent that can reduce environmental and health impacts.     

Characteristics of the stabilized/solidified municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash and the leaching behavior of Cr and Pb

Fly ash is a hazardous byproduct of municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI). An alkali activated blast furnace slag-based cementitious material was used to stabilize/solidify the fly ash at experimental level. The characteristics of the stabilized/solidified fly ash, including metal leachability, mineralogical characteristics and the distributions of metals in matrices, were tested by toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) respectively. Continuous acid extraction was utilized to extract metal ions and characterize their leaching behavior. The stabilization/solidification procedure for MSWI fly ash demonstrates a strong fixing capacity for the metals by the formation of C-S-H phase, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate and ettringite. The stabilized/solidified fly ash shows a dense and homogeneous microstructure. Cr is mainly solidified in hydrated calcium aluminosilicate, C-S-H and ettringite phase through physical encapsulation, precipitation, adsorption or substitution mechanisms, and Pb is mainly solidified in C-S-H phase and absorbed in the Si-O structure.     

电增强零价铁强化厌氧氨氧化处理高氮养猪废水

为解决ZVI(零价铁)电极表面的钝化问题,实现anammox(厌氧氨氧化)工艺稳定、高效地运行,采用EEZVI-UASB(电增强零价铁-升流式厌氧污泥床)技术处理养猪废水,研究了EEZVI电极电压、ρ(COD_Cr)及脱氮贡献率的相关性. 结果表明,在温度为(35±1)℃、pH为6.80～7.10、电极电压为0.60 V的条件下,EEZVI-UASB对NH₄+-N和NO₂--N的去除率均维持在较高的水平;NH₄+-N去除率＞90.00%,NO₂--N去除率＞96.00%,TN平均去除率>90.00%. 当EEZVI电极电压为0.60 V时,AAOB(厌氧氨氧化菌)的活性为91.10 mg/(g·d)(以NH₄+-N计);EEZVI-UASB中的优势功能菌主要为Pseudomonas属,其菌属16S rDNA的PCR扩增相似性达97%;系统中同时存在着反硝化、anammox、甲烷化等反应;其中anammox占主导作用,其对TN去除率的贡献率为54.10%~93.30%,反硝化及其他反应对TN去除率的贡献率为6.70%~45.90%.      

Influences of charcoal and bamboo charcoal amendment on soil-fluoride fractions and bioaccumulation of fluoride in tea plants

High levels of fluoride in tea plants pose a potential health risk to humans who drink tea. It has been demonstrated that tea plant fluoride is closely related to the available fluoride in soil. But approaches that could be used to regulate the availability of fluoride in soil have been rarely seen. This study aims to investigate how the addition of charcoal and bamboo charcoal affected soil fluoride availability and bioaccumulation of fluoride in tea plants. In a microcosm experiment, tea plants were grown in the tea garden soil mixed with different amounts of charcoal and bamboo charcoal [that is, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0?% (w/w)]. Soil-fluoride fractions and fluoride accumulated in tea plants were determined using the sequential extraction and ion selective electrode method. Obtained results showed that both charcoal and bamboo charcoal additions significantly enhanced the concentrations of Fe/Mn oxide-bound fluoride, but significantly reduced the concentrations of water-soluble and exchangeable fluoride (p?相似文献