臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水

在实验室配制含酸性玫瑰红染料的印染废水，采用臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池工艺开展处理试验。试验运行结果表明，臭氧氧化处理能提高模拟废水的可生化性，BOD／COD值由原水的0．18上升到0．36。经组合工艺处理后出水COD〈40mg／L，色度40倍以下，SS约50mg／L，处理效果良好。     

Quantitation of Hydroxyl Radicals from Photolysis of Fe(III)-Citrate Complexes in Aerobic Water (5 pp)

Background For their high photoreactivity, Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes are important sources of H2O2 for some atmospheric and surface waters. Citrate is one kind of carboxylate, which can form complexes with Fe(III). In our previous study, we have applied Fe(III)-citrate complexes to degrade and decolorize dyes in aqueous solutions both under UV light and sunlight. Results have shown that carboxylic acids can promote the photodegradation efficiency. It is indicated that the photolysis of Fe(III)-citrate complexes may cause the formation of some reactive species (e. g. H2O2 and ·OH). This work is attempted to quantify hydroxyl radicals generated in the aqueous solution containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes and to interpret the photoreactivity of Fe(III)-citrate complexes for degrading organic compounds. Methods By using benzene as the scavenger to produce phenol, the photogeneration of ·OH in the aqueous solution containing Fe (III)-citrate complexes was determined by HPLC. Results and Discussion In the aqueous solution containing 60.0/30.0 mM Fe(III)/citrate and 7.0 mM benzene at pH 3.0, 96.66 mM ·OH was produced after irradiation by a 250W metal halide light (l ≥ 313 nm) for 160 minutes. Effects of initial pH value and concentrations of Fe(III) and citrate on ·OH radical generation were all examined. The results show that the greatest photoproduction of ·OH in the aqueous solution (pH ranged from 3.0 to 7.0) was at pH 3.0. The photoproduction of ·OH increased with increasing Fe(III) or citrate concentrations. Conclusion In the aqueous solutions containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes, ·OH radicals were produced after irradiation by a 250W metal halide light. It can be concluded that Fe(III)-citrate complexes are important sources of ·OH radicals for some atmospheric and surface waters. Recommendations and Outlook It is believed that the photolysis of Fe(III)-citrate complexes in the presence of oxygen play an important role in producing ·OH both in atmospheric waters and surface water where high concentrations of ferric ions and citrate ions exist. The photoproduction of ·OH has a high oxidizing potential for the degradation of a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic organic and inorganic substances. We can use this method for toxic organic pollutants such as organic dyes and pesticides.     

Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (IL-SPMDs) were developed to monitor the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. Uptake kinetics of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene by layflat low-density polyethylene tubing (15 cm x 2 cm) filled with 0.5 ml 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid were studied in a laboratory continuous-flow system for the duration of 16 days. The device concentration factors were in the range of 830-7800 for the studied PAHs. The kinetic parameters of IL/water partition coefficients, analytes uptake rate constants and sampling rates were estimated using mathematical models. These parameters were used in the field experiment to estimate the concentrations of the PAHs in Lanzhou section of Yellow River in China, with the result in comparison with that obtained by triolein-SPMD.     

Factors influencing arsenic accumulation by Pteris vittata: a comparative field study at two sites

This study compared the factors influencing arsenic (As) accumulation by Pteris vittata at two sites, one containing As along with Au mineralization and the other containing Hg/Tl mineralization. The soils above these two sites contained high As concentrations (26.8-2955 mg kg(-1)). Although the As concentration, pH, soil cation exchange capacity and plant biomass differed significantly between the two sites, no differences were observed in the As concentrations in the fronds and roots, or the translocation factors, of P. vittata, suggesting that this species has consistent As hyperaccumulation properties in the field. The As concentration in the fronds was positively related to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), but negatively related to calcium (Ca), at one site. This suggested that P, K and Ca influenced As accumulation by P. vittata in the field.     

混凝-生物接触氧化法处理城市污水的研究

采用混凝-生物接触氧化法处理生活小区废水,考察了不同混凝剂用量对COD、NH4-N、SS、TP的去除效果,同时研究了生物接触氧化法对COD、NH4-N等的去除以及耐冲击负荷能力.结果表明,随混凝剂用量的增加,COD、SS、TP的去除率随之增加,生物接触氧化法具有较高的抗冲击负荷能力,最大NH4-N去除负荷达到0.55 kg/(m3·d),最大有机去除负荷达到4.32 kg/(m3·d)     

吸附法烟气脱硫

燃油和煤炭在燃烧过程中会产生SO2 ,这些SO2 排入大气中 ,形成酸雨 ,严重破坏生态环境 ,危害人类健康。一个世纪以来 ,人们对烟气脱硫作出了很大的努力 ,但常见的脱硫技术具有投资大、运行费用高 ,甚至有二次污染等问题。吸附法烟气脱硫工艺简单、脱硫效率高 ,是一种具有深入研究价值与应用前景的方法     

微波加热对活性炭表面基团及其对SO2吸附性能的影响

采用了微波加热技术,通过在不同微波功率和辐射时间条件下对不同粒径活性炭进行改性,研究了改性前后活性炭的表面化学基团、元素组成的变化,以及对SO2吸附性能的影响.结果表明,经过微波改性后活性炭的SO2吸附性能大为提高,微波功率是影响改性活性炭脱硫性能的主要因素.活性炭经微波热处理后,酸性基团发生分解,表面含氧量减少,碱性特征增强,是吸附性能增加的主要原因之一.     

冷却水缓蚀阻垢剂的绿色化研究进展

简要介绍了工业循环冷却水缓蚀阻垢剂的发展概况 ,阐述了低磷聚合物及新型无磷缓蚀阻垢剂的研究现状 ,并指出了今后的发展方向。     

厌氧／缺氧SBR反硝化除磷效能的研究

采用厌氧 缺氧SBR反应器对以硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷过程进行了研究。结果表明 ,反硝化聚磷菌完全可以在厌氧 缺氧交替运行条件下得到富集。稳定运行的厌氧 缺氧SBR反应器的反硝化除磷效率 >90 % ,出水磷浓度 <1mg L。进水COD浓度对反硝化除磷的效率影响很大 ,在COD浓度 <180mg L时 ,进水COD浓度越高 ,除磷效率也就越高。较高浓度的进水COD浓度将导致有剩余的COD进入缺氧段 ,对反硝化吸磷构成不利影响。污泥龄为 16d时 ,厌氧 缺氧SBR反应器取得稳定和理想的反硝化除磷效果。污泥龄减少到 8d ,由于反硝化聚磷菌的流失导致反硝化除磷效率的下降。当污泥龄恢复到 16d时 ,经过一段时间的运行 ,反硝化聚磷菌重新得到富集 ,除磷效率恢复到 90 %以上。     

土壤中水动力弥散系数的研究进展

从溶质运移的基本方程出发 ,系统论述了国内外对土壤中水动力弥散系数测定方法的研究进展 ,并指出了上述各种方法的适用条件及存在的问题