Correlations between physicochemical properties of PAHs and their distribution in soil, moss and reindeer dung at Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic

Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, moss and reindeer dung collected at Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic were measured to investigate their accumulation trends and distribution in the three compartments. Compared with the other regions, the proportions of 2 + 3 ring PAHs to the total PAHs were higher, whereas the proportions of 5 + 6 ring PAHs were lower in the three compartments at Ny-Ålesund. Significant log/log-linear relationship was observed between the sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure and the soil/moss quotient (Q_SM). The relation was similar to the relationship between the gas/particle partition coefficient (K_P) and of PAHs, implying Q_SM would be a “mirror image” of K_P. Excellent log/log-linear relationships were observed between Q_SM and K_OA as well as between the moss/dung quotient (Q_MD) and K_OW. The results presented here indicate the physicochemical properties are suitable for characterizing the distribution of PAHs in soil, moss and reindeer dung.     

丝素/SiO_2杂化膜固定化多酚氧化酶处理模拟含酚废水

粗马铃薯多酚氧化酶固定于丝素/SiO2杂化膜上,从而得到丝素/SiO2杂化膜固定化多酚氧化酶.并用于处理模拟含酚废水.丝素/SiO2杂化膜在水中的溶失率小于丝素膜在水中的溶失率.所得丝素/SiO2杂化膜固定化多酚氧化酶的最适宜pH为7.4.相对于游离多酚氧化酶.该酶具有较好的热稳定性、贮存稳定性及重复使用性.研究表明,丝素/SiO2杂化膜固定化多酚氧化酶有实际处理含酚废水的可能.     

GC/MS法测定润滑油基础油中多环芳烃

对润滑油基础油中多环芳烃的气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定方法进行了研究,探讨了样品的提取,固相萃取柱净化等前处理方法,同时也对仪器测定条件进行了优化.结果表明,在检测润滑油基础油中多环芳烃时,经优化的GC/MS法的加标回收率和精密度均达到较满意的水平.     

产朊假丝酵母处理马铃薯淀粉废水

研究了pH、接种量、无机盐(通过加入磷酸二氢钾进行无机盐补充)及DO等对产朊假丝酵母处理马铃薯淀粉废水的影响.结果表明.在pH为5.0、产朊假丝酵母接种量为10%(体积分数)、磷酸二氢钾(质量分散为0.1%)加入量为0.5 g/L、废水不灭菌的条件下,废水处理效果和产朊假丝酵母生长最佳.且当废水COD为5 074 mg/L时,COD去除率达到74.86%,同时可获得2.23g/L的单细胞蛋白.产朊假丝酵母处理马铃薯淀粉废水的最佳条件的实验研究对实现马铃薯淀粉废水资源化利用提供了理论参考.     

2种反应器中好氧颗粒污泥培养的比较研究

以絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,采用人工配制的模拟生活污水,分别在气提式序批反应器(SBAR)和序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中成功地培养出了成熟的好氧颗粒污泥.SBAR和SBR中的好氧颗粒污泥都具有稳定的基本形态结构,其微生物主要由杆菌和球菌组成,对COD的去除率可达到93%左右.对NH+4-N的去除率可达到98%以上.SBAR中好氧颗粒污泥的粒径主要分布、污泥体积指数(SVI)、比耗氧速率(SOUR)、TN去除率和TP去除率分别为0.45～2.00 mm、19.97 mL/g、47.68 g/(kg·h)、82%和65%;而SBR中好氧颗粒污泥的粒径主要分布、SVI、SOUR、TN去除率和TP去除率分别为0.18～1.00 mm、29.12 mL/g、43.21 g/(kg·h)、58%和50%.相对而言,SBAR更有利于好氧颗粒污泥的培养和运行.     

Ag/Cu合金触点废料回收铜粉的工艺研究

Ag/Cu合金触点废料含Ag量在30%(质量分数)以上,含Cu量在60%(质量分数)以上、含Sn量在2%(质量分数)以上.先将Ag/Cu合金触点废料中的Cu分离,然后采用葡萄糖预还原、水合肼再还原制得了粒径在0.3～O.6 pm的类球形超细铜粉(纯度≥99.9%).研究表明,适量聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的加入有助于超细铜粉粒径均匀且形貌趋于一致;量佳反应温度为70℃;抗氧化剂苯并三氮唑可以有效防止超细铜粉的表面氧化.     

氨水土壤混合物脱除CO2温室气体的实验研究

为了脱除CO2温室气体,提出了利用氨水土壤混合物去除CO2的新方法。分别考察了土壤颗粒粒径、CO2初始流量、氨水浓度（质量比）和温度对CO2脱除量和脱除率的影响。实验结果表明,该方法去除CO2的量较土壤物理吸附量和氨水化学吸收量的总和提高了大约15%;随着氨水浓度的增大,CO2的脱除率和脱除量都增大;随着土壤颗粒粒径和CO2初始流量的增大,CO2的脱除率和脱除量都减小;当温度由22℃升高到31℃,CO2的脱除率随着温度的升高而增大,但是继续升高温度到40℃,CO2的脱除率反而下降。     

Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋对生物脱氮系统的影响

Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋是污水处理工艺中经常遇到的金属离子。在驯化好的活性污泥系统中,研究了金属离子Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋在0～100mg／L浓度下对活性污泥生物脱氮系统的影响。试验发现Cu^2＋＞5mg／L、Zn^2＋＞30mg／L时,对硝化过程具有明显的抑制作用,在同样浓度的试验条件下cu“对硝化过程的抑制作用比Zn^2＋大。Cu^2＋≤0．5mg／L时对反硝化过程具有一定的促进作用,有助于提高TN的去除效果;Cu^2＋＞0．5mg／L时,对反硝化产生抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,TN去除率逐渐下降。Zn^2＋不影响反硝化过程,仅在大于30mg／L时,对硝化过程产生抑制作用。重金属Cu^2＋对生物脱氮系统的影响明显强于Zn^2＋。     

Measurement of the vertical profile of atmospheric SO2 during the heating period in Beijing on days of high air pollution

This paper reports altitude-resolved concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and particulate matter up to 10 microns in diameter (PM₁₀) in the planetary boundary layer of major urban centers during extreme pollution episodes. The concentration of SO₂ was observed continuously from November 24, 2004, to December 4, 2004, in Beijing during the heating period. Fluorescence SO₂ analyzers were used to measure the atmospheric SO₂ concentrations. Four SO₂ analyzers were placed at 4 different levels (8 m, 47 m, 120 m, and 280 m) of the 325-m high meteorological observation tower of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences. A maximal SO₂ concentration of 172.3 ppb was measured during this pollution episode, and SO₂ concentration increased with altitude and reached its maximal value at ～50 m. The study also analyzed the meteorological situation before, during, and after the pollution episode.     

A new direct thermal desorption-GC/MS method: Organic speciation of ambient particulate matter collected in Golden, BC

Particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is thought to be implicated in a number of medical conditions, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, heart attack, and aging. However, very little chemical speciation data is available for the organic fraction of ambient aerosols. A new direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) method was developed for the analysis of the organic fraction of PM2.5. Samples were collected in Golden, British Columbia, over a 15-month period. n-Alkanes constituted 33–98% by mass of the organic compounds identified. PAHs accounted for 1–65% and biomarkers (hopanes and steranes) 1–8% of the organic mass. Annual mean concentrations were: n-alkanes (0.07–1.55 ng m⁻³), 16 PAHs (0.02–1.83 ng m⁻³), and biomarkers (0.02–0.18 ng m⁻³). Daily levels of these organics were 4.89–74.38 ng m⁻³, 0.27–100.24 ng m⁻³, 0.14–4.39 ng m⁻³, respectively. Ratios of organic carbon to elemental carbon (OC/EC) and trends over time were similar to those observed for PM2.5. There was no clear seasonal variation in the distribution of petroleum biomarkers, but elevated levels of other organic species were observed during the winter. Strong correlations between PAHs and EC, and between petroleum biomarkers and EC, suggest a common emission source – most likely motor vehicles and space heating.