活性炭管吸附气相色谱法测定工作场所中环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷

建立了一种利用活性炭管采样,二硫化碳洗脱,DB-624UI气相色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×1.4μm)进行分离,FID检测器检测的测定环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷的气相色谱方法。结果显示,环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷在0.5~50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限达到了0.026 mg/m3和0.048 mg/m3(以采集4.5 L空气样品计);环氧丙烷平均解析效率84.84%(RSD=1.770),环氧氯丙烷平均解析效率92.07%(RSD=2.270),适用于工作场所中环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷的同时测定。     

碳纤维复合芯铝导线张力架线施工技术

在宁夏大坝—青铜峡甲、乙、丙220 kV输电线路增容改造工程中,为了解决JRLX/T-350/40碳纤维复合芯导线施工中出现的芯棒内缩、芯棒断裂、导线松股和外层铝股损伤等问题,通过对导线结构及特性分析,采用缩短放线段、分散压接、改变导线连接工艺、投入大轮径张力机和放线滑车等方法,优质地完成了线路改造施工。结果表明:该施工技术完全满足碳纤维复合芯导线施工要求,改造后线路的输电能力及事故情况下抵御风险的能力成倍提高,满足了电网安全稳定供电的需要。     

Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Particulate Air Contaminants by X-Ray Diffraction Spectrometry

Because of the synergistic effects which take place from the mixing of gases and particulates in ambient air, it is important that the determination of air contaminants be carried out on the sample in its native state without imposing any further chemical recombination during the analysis. Since x-ray diffraction provides a chemically passive method of analysis and yields molecular rather than elemental information, we have undertaken the siudy of, and have successfully employed crystal diffraction lines as a qualitative and quantitative means for determining such materials as lime, calcium carbonate, road salt, coke dust, and aerosol from sinter emissions as well as several other less common industrial particulates in samples obtained from dustfall as dispersed in a matrix of powdered amorphous glass. Correlative to the above investigation this method was also extended to the study of such gases as sulfur dioxide which may be selectively fixed to an active surface.     

The intercoder agreement when using the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method in road traffic accident investigations

Many different classification schemes have been used in the analysis of road traffic accidents but the agreement between coders using the same classification scheme is rarely tested and/or reported. As a high intercoder agreement is a prerequisite for a study’s validity, this is a serious shortcoming. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to test the intercoder agreement of the Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM) version 3.0 by letting seven coders from different European countries analyse and classify the causes of the same four accident scenarios. The results showed that the intercoder agreement for genotypes (contributing factors) ranges from 74% to 94% with an average of 83%, while for phenotypes (observable effects) it ranges from 57% to 100% with an average of 78%. The results also showed that weaknesses in classification schemes, methods, training of coders as well as in presentation of accident information can be identified by testing the intercoder agreement.     

Comparison of Stormwater Lag Times for Low Impact and Traditional Residential Development1

Abstract: This study compared lag time characteristics of low impact residential development with traditional residential development. Also compared were runoff volume, peak discharge, hydrograph kurtosis, runoff coefficient, and runoff threshold. Low impact development (LID) had a significantly greater centroid lag‐to‐peak, centroid lag, lag‐to‐peak, and peak lag‐to‐peak times than traditional development. Traditional development had a significantly greater depth of discharge and runoff coefficient than LID. The peak discharge in runoff from the traditional development was 1,100% greater than from the LID. The runoff threshold of the LID (6.0 mm) was 100% greater than the traditional development (3.0 mm). The hydrograph shape for the LID watershed had a negative value of kurtosis indicating a leptokurtic distribution, while traditional development had a positive value of kurtosis indicating a platykurtic distribution. The lag times of the LID were significantly greater than the traditional watershed for small (<25.4 mm) but not large (≥25.4 mm) storms; short duration (<4 h) but not long duration (≥4 h) storms; and low antecedent moisture condition (AMC; <25.4 mm) storms but not high AMC (≥25.4 mm) storms. This study indicates that LID resulted in lowered peak discharge depth, runoff coefficient, and discharge volume and increased lag times and runoff threshold compared with traditional residential development.     

宁夏冰雹的分布特征

应用1961～2004年宁夏各气象站地面观测资料，统计分析了宁夏冰雹的时空分布特征，探讨了宁夏冰雹产生的主要源地和移动路径。分析表明：20世纪80年代为宁夏冰雹频发期，90年代有减少的趋势；近10年来冰雹大为减少，年际变化比较大，有一定的周期性。冰雹多发生于春末至盛夏，6月为频发期；87％出现在中午至傍晚前后；71．84％的降雹持续时间在1～10min之间。初雹最早发生在3月中旬，终雹最晚结束在10E下旬。有2个频发中心，即宁夏南部的六盘山区和北部的贺兰山区，有“山地多、平川少、南北多、中部少”的地域分布特征。降雹线大部分呈NW—SE走向，移动路径多从西北向东南方向移动；主要发源于六盘山系和贺兰山沿山。     

国家地震紧急救援训练基地可控地震废墟设计(Ⅰ)--结构地震破坏模式

我国是一个地震多发的国家，地震灾害给我国造成了巨大的经济损失和严重的生命伤亡。专业化的震后紧急搜索救援能够最大限度地减少人民生命财产的损失，是防震减灾体系不可或缺的组成部分。通过大量的地震灾害实例，并借鉴地震灾害评估方法和建筑物抗震设计，对危害人类生命财产的建筑物震害的特征按照结构类型进行了详细说明，通过对这些地震中常见震害的了解和认识，为国家地震紧急救援训练基地的规划设计和相应搜索救援训练科目的设置提供依据。     

THE ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL WATER CONSERVATION: AN UNLIKELY EVENT?1

ABSTRACT: It is contended that water conservation measures that reduce a water system's net revenues are unlikely to be adopted. Pricing policies that induce conservation can be designed to increase net revenues. Management practices that lead to conservation and pure conservation measures may reduce net revenues; consequently, they are unlikely to be adopted. Recent experience in five southwestern cities supports these contentions. It is argued that the managers of a municipal water enterprise are particularly sensitive to short term variation in revenues. Consequently, to increase the likelihood of the adoption of measures that reduce net revenues it is necessary to remove either the decision to adopt measures that reduce net revenue or the adverse revenue effect from the water enterprise. Finally, to make higher rates for conservation palatable, imaginative use for the funds generated must be developed.     

Effect of Dye Additives on Photodimerization of Thymine Pendant Groups in Water-soluble Photoresist Polymers

The short wavelength UV-induced photocrosslinking of vinylbenzylthymine (VBT) based photoresist polymers was investigated in a polymer-dye water soluble system. The goal of the study was to determine whether the presence of UV-absorbing dye additives would prevent the photocrosslinking from occurring. It was found that the photoreactivity of the VBT polymer was not hindered significantly even when the amount of dye additive was comparable to the amount of thymine. Further, adding dyes to the photoresist allowed obtaining good quality images in one step. This study may provide a basis for testing VBT-containing polymers for use in controlled release applications.     

浅析规划环境影响评价指标体系的构建

对规划环境影响评价的内容作出了概述性的介绍,并根据规划环境影响评价的特点,得出规划环境影响评价的指标体系应包括自然环境指标、生态环境指标、资源利用指标、能源利用指标和社会经济指标5大体系.提出规划环境影响评价指标体系的构成及建立流程.