应用膜生物反应器处理冷轧含油废水

冷轧含油废水做为最难处理的一种废水,一般需经两级气浮或超滤处理,而后再需其他的处理;文章通过生化处理与膜生物反应器的结合,克服了"油封"对膜表面的污染,获得了一个稳定的膜通量和高效的生化处理效果,生化处理效率稳定高于97%,出水CODcr始终低于70 mr/L.     

粉末金属压制过程建模方法(3)--微观力学方法

介绍了建立描述粉末金属压制过程数学模型的难点，详细论述了目前4种主要的建模方法，分析、比较了各种方法的优劣，并对建模工作提出了展望和指导性意见。     

有害气体治理技术分析

洛阳石化总厂五联合车间通过技术改造和加强管理，对各类有毒有害气体污染进行治理，环境保护取得显著成效。     

富营养污水简易集成治理方法研究

以粉煤灰制成空心多功能污水处理材料,用该污水处理材料填充成五级絮凝降解过滤箱,在曝气协同下组成集吸附絮凝过滤与化学降解于一体的富营养水处理系统.在富营养水流量、曝气量分别为60L/h、40L/m3·h的工艺条件下,富营养水的可溶性盐、色度、CODcr、BOD5、氨氮、总磷等主要污染物指标分别降低93%、90%、95%、90%、86%和92%.该富营养水处理系统具有处理效果好、工艺简单和结构紧凑的特点.     

厌氧氨氧化混培菌的获得及其运行条件

采用了好氧活性污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥混合接种的方法 ,成功地启动了实验室规模的厌氧氨氧化反应器 ,启动后含氨模拟废水运行的进水氨浓度和进水亚硝基氮浓度均为 2 0 mmol/ L ,氨氮、亚硝基氮和总氮的容积负荷率为10 .69mmol/ L·d,12 .2 6mmol/ L· d和 3 94.5 5 mg/ L·d,氨氮、亚硝基氮和总氮的去除率保持在 90 %、99%和 95 %以上 ,对运行条件研究表明 ,厌氧氨氧化反应的最适 p H为 7～ 7.5 ,最适温度约在 3 0± 1℃。厌氧氨氧化随亚硝酸盐浓度的升高而下降 ,氨的厌氧转化随 COD浓度的增加也呈抑制型曲线 ,当 COD浓度为 80 0± 5 0 mg/ L 时 ,厌氧氨氧化速率达到最大     

刚果红的零价铁还原脱色条件及机理研究

零价铁使直接大红4BS还原脱色,其主要机理包括了电化学作用、铁粉的还原作用、铁离子的絮凝吸附作用、铁粉表面的物理吸附等。其中电化学还原与化学还原为主。当铁粉的投加量在2 g/50 ml、pH=3、摇床转速在140 rmp时,5 min内脱色率分别达到了100%、90%和80%以上。结果表明,通过改变染料的pH值、铁粉的投加量和摇床的转速都可以很好地提高脱色效果。     

Chromosomal and subchromosomal anomalies associated to small for gestational age fetuses with no additional structural anomalies

Objectives: To assess the chromosomal and subchromosomal anomalies in small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses with no additional structural anomalies and their clinical outcomes. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the 128 SGA fetuses with no additional anomalies and underwent genetic testing with karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Stratified analysis was performed according to the existence of maternal risk factors for SGA (yes or no), gestational age at onset (before or after 32 weeks), presence of oligohydraminos (yes or no), and umbilical artery Doppler flow (normal or abnormal). Results: Chromosomal anomalies were identified in 6 (4.7%) SGA fetuses and pathogenic subchromosomal anomalies in 4 (3.1%) by microarray analysis. Chromosomal and subchromosomal anomalies were more frequently observed in cases with oligohydraminos (P = .017) and with early-onset SGA (P = .042). No differences were observed in relation to the existence of maternal risk factors and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow. Overall survival rate was 75.0% with different rates in the early and the late onset group (P < .001). Conclusions: There is a 3.3% incremental yield of subchromosomal anomalies in CMA above karyotyping in SGA fetuses. Chromosomal microarray analysis is recommended in SGA fetuses with no additional structural anomalies, especially coexisting with oligohydraminos and being early onset.     

V-shaped substrate for surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of microplastics

● V-shaped substrate was obtained for SERS analysis of microplastics (diameter ≈ 1 μm). ● Enhancement factor of V-shaped substrate can reach 20 in microplastics detection. ● V-shaped nanopore array can bring additional volume enhancement. ● V-shaped substrate was more economic in application compared to Klarite substrate. Research on the microplastics (MPs) is developing towards smaller size, but corresponding methods for the rapid and accurate detection of microplastics, especially nanoplastics still present challenge. In this work, a novel surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate was developed for the rapid detection of microplastic particles below 5 μm. The gold nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited onto the surface and into the V-shaped nanopores of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) through magnetron sputtering or ion sputtering, and then AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate was obtained and studied for microplastic detection. SERS performance of AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate was evaluated through the detection of polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate microspheres. Results indicated that individual polystyrene sphere with a diameter of 1 μm can be well detected on AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate, and the maximum enhancement factor (EF) can reach 20. In addition, microplastics in ambient atmospheric samples were collected and tested to verify the effectiveness of the AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate in the real environment. This study provides a rapid, economic and simple method for detecting and identifying microplastics with small size.     

Scale and causes of lead contamination in Chinese tea

We investigated the scale and causes of Pb contamination in Chinese tea. Lead concentrations in 1,225 tea samples collected nationally between 1999 and 2001 varied from <0.2 to 97.9 mg kg(-1) dry weight (DW), with 32% of the samples exceeding the national maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of 2.0 mg kg(-1) DW and a significant difference between tea types. There was an increasing trend in tea Pb concentration from 1989 to 2000. Proximity to highway and surface dust contamination were found to cause elevated Pb concentrations in tea leaves. Furthermore, Pb concentration in tea leaves correlated significantly and positively with soil extractable Pb, and negatively with soil pH, suggesting that root uptake of Pb from soils also contributed to Pb accumulation in tea. Potential contributions to human Pb intake from drinking tea were small at the median or national MPC Pb values, but considerable at the highest concentration found in the study.     

板料成形过程数值模拟中的动态接触条件处理

为了解决板料成形过程数值模拟中非线性边界条件问题,本文提出并建立了控制约束的描述方法、接触结点、确定的新方法——垂足法、计算接触应力的剪应力法、以及处理非线性滑动接触边界条件的降阶-摩擦载荷迭代法.经实际模拟计算,证明了这些方法的正确性.