微电解-Fenton对印染污泥破解及脱水性能研究

分别采用微电解、微电解联合Fenton对印染污泥的破解效果及脱水性能进行研究,考察了印染污泥中胞外聚合物(EPS)、污泥破解率(DDSCOD)、沉降速率(SV30)、毛细吸水时间(CST)等指标的变化情况.结果表明,微电解反应时间为20 min,初始pH为2.5,铁碳比(Fe/C)为1/1,铁粉量为2.50 g/L时,印染污泥絮体破解效果最佳.该条件下,添加H2 O22.00 g/L反应40 min,污泥上清液的多糖、蛋白质、DDSCOD较原污泥分别增加了49.09%、69.20%、4.33%,CST、SV30较原污泥分别减少了70.46%、20.41%.     

江苏省水污染的危害及其原因分析

论述了江苏省水污染事故及水环境污染对渔业生产、饮用水源、农牧业生产、工业生产的影响及造成的经济损失；指出河网地区水流滞缓流向不定，感潮河段水流往复运动是造成江苏省水体污染加剧的环境水力学因素，入境河流携带大量废水、污水也是造成局部地区水污染危害的重要原因     

内蒙古中东部大针茅群落土壤线虫多样性研究

2003年在内蒙古西乌旗大针茅草原，根据土壤深度0～10cm、1020cm、20～30cm分层采样，定量分析土壤线虫群落的多度，并对土壤线虫群落多样性和群落内线虫营养类型进一步分析．结果表明，该群落中土壤线虫包括50属和24科，其中矮化属、拟盘旋属、丽突属为优势属，特别是矮化属线虫数量异常高．土壤线虫群落的垂直分布呈现表聚型．就功能类群而言，植食性线虫在各层中的比例最高，为69．4％～81．3％，食真菌类线虫的比例最低，为0．9％～2．4％，而食细菌类线虫比例为13．9％-20．9％，食真菌类线虫和食细菌类线虫的比值为0．067～0．133．表6参29     

地热水养殖对鱼的卫生质量的影响

地热水中常含有某些有害的化学成分，本文论述了利用地热水养殖对鱼的影响，我们发现，由于生物富集作用，在地热水中生长的鱼含氟量较高，还含有砷，镉等污染物，因此，利用地热水养殖，应该十分注重鱼产品的卫生质量。     

Phylogenetic and degradation characterization of Burkholderia cepacia WZ1 degrading herbicide quinclorac

Strain WZI capable of degrading quinclorac was isolated from a pesticide manufactory soil and considered to be Burkholderia cepacia, belonged to bacteria, Proteobacteria, beta-Proteobacteria, based on morphology, physio-biochemical properties, whole cell fatty acid analysis and a partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. Strain WZ1 decomposed 90% of quinclorac at original concentration of 1000 mg L(-1) within 11 days. GC/MS analysis showed that the strain degraded quinclorac to 3,7-dichloro-8-quinoline and the cracked residue 2-chloro, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, indicating that the metabolic pathway was initiated by process of decarboxylation followed by cleavage of the aromatic ring. Stain WZ1 was also able to degrade some other herbicides and aromatic compounds, including 2,4,5-T, phenol, naphthalene and hydrochinone etc. This paper describes for the first time Phylogenetic and degradation characterization of a pure bacterium which, is able to mineralize quinclorac.     

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an aerobic reactor with granular sludge originating from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor.

Anaerobic granular sludge, obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor at a brewery waste treatment station, was cultured for 3 months under aeration conditions until the diameter of sludge was in the range 1.8 to 2.6 mm. The aerobic granular sludge gathered acquired the ability of catalyzing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and was applied in the study of the process of nitrogen removal in a bioreactor. The ratio between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) concentration in the influent was found to be an important factor influencing the process of SND. The final percentage removal of NH4(+)-N reached 100% under the optimal condition of 500 mg/L COD and 0.39 NH4(+)-N/COD. Intermediate products, such as nitrite-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen, were also analyzed to clarify the SND process with the aerobic granular sludge.     

Effects of chronic lead exposure on short-term and long-term depression in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus in vivo

Chronic developmental lead (Pb) exposure to the rat has been reported to impair the long-term potentiation (LTP) in area CA1 and DG of the hippocampus. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of chronic Pb exposure on homosynaptic short-term depression (STD) and long-term depression (LTD) of population spikes (PS) in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus in vivo. Neonatal Wistar rats were exposed to Pb from parturition to weaning via the milk of dams fed with 0.2% lead acetate solution. The input/output (I/O) function, paired-pulse reaction (PPR), the PS were measured in the area CA1 in response to low frequency stimulation (LFS). The results showed that the homo-STD amplitude of PS depotentiation in Pb-exposed rats (87.48 +/- 7.44%, n = 14) was less significant than that in control rats (72.34 +/- 6.05%, n = 18, P<0.05), and the homo-LTD amplitude of PS depotentiation in Pb-exposed rats (72.80 +/- 5.86%, n = 14) was even less significant than that in control rats (47.80 +/- 5.03%, n = 18, P<0.01). The results suggest that chronic Pb exposure in neonatal rats caused impairments in the STD and LTD of area CA1 of hippocampus.     

铝的生物毒性及其防治策略

铝是重要的金属元素,它的广泛应用导致了水体,土壤以及各种水生物,动植物体内残余铝含量不断升高,直接或间接地危害到人体身心健康,威胁着人类的生存和发展。     

海冰与孤立桩柱碰撞破碎模型

本文对辽东湾冰原冰与孤立桩相互作用过程进行了研究，根据高速率下冰原冰的非开裂挤压脆性破坏过程特点，将整个冰与桩柱相互作用过程分为三个阶段，通过一些适当的简化和假设，提出了这三个不同阶段孤立桩前冰的破碎过程模型，利用此破碎过程模型结合相应的力学模式计算冰与桩柱相互作用力随时间的变化。实测资料与模拟计算值比较，其结果符合较好，因此该破碎过程模型具有较好的可实用性。     

包头地区土壤氟污染研究

内蒙古包头地区是我国氟污染的严重地区之一。本文研究了土壤含氟量的特点,发现该区土壤本身含氟量偏高,加以三废中氟的污染,使氟病发生的可能性增加。根据土壤中水溶性和全氟的分布,可以估计大气氟污染的范围和程度。与大气氟污染相比,资料表明,包钢尾矿坝往南3km内的土壤全氟和水溶性氟测定结果说明,土壤氟污染现在已达坝下2km,最高浓度处每公顷每公尺土层中含氟近1吨。目前,如不采取措施,尾矿坝对土壤、地下水和作物的影响将更加严重。针对尾矿坝对环境的污染特点,提出了防治污染的措施。