Multiobjective optimization model of intersection signal timing considering emissions based on field data: A case study of Beijing

Most existing signal timing models are aimed to minimize the total delay and stops at intersections, without considering environmental factors. This paper analyzes the trade-off between vehicle emissions and traffic efficiencies on the basis of field data. First, considering the different operating modes of cruising, acceleration, deceleration, and idling, field data of emissions and Global Positioning System (GPS) are collected to estimate emission rates for heavy-duty and light-duty vehicles. Second, multiobjective signal timing optimization model is established based on a genetic algorithm to minimize delay, stops, and emissions. Finally, a case study is conducted in Beijing. Nine scenarios are designed considering different weights of emission and traffic efficiency. The results compared with those using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2010 show that signal timing optimized by the model proposed in this paper can decrease vehicles delay and emissions more significantly. The optimization model can be applied in different cities, which provides supports for eco-signal design and development.

Implications: Vehicle emissions are heavily at signal intersections in urban area. The multiobjective signal timing optimization model is proposed considering the trade-off between vehicle emissions and traffic efficiencies on the basis of field data. The results indicate that signal timing optimized by the model proposed in this paper can decrease vehicle emissions and delays more significantly. The optimization model can be applied in different cities, which provides supports for eco-signal design and development.     

膜生物反应器中污泥自消化技术进展

介绍了国内外膜生物反应器(MBR)中污泥的消化技术,分析了控制运行条件法、物理法、化学法污泥消化技术及生物法污泥自消化技术的优缺点,指出了在MBR中没置局部厌氧区域法污泥自消化技术的重要意义.     

不同填充剂及复合微生物菌剂对蓝藻堆肥效果的影响

为了研究不同填充剂以及复合微生物菌剂对蓝藻堆肥效果的影响,本实验利用锯末、稻壳、麸皮和米糠为填充剂接种堆肥菌剂与蓝藻进行室内模拟堆肥,设置了稻壳、麸皮为填充剂不加菌剂作对照组,分析了pH值、总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、碳氮比（C/N）、种子发芽指数(germination index,GI)的动态变化。堆肥结束时处理组麸皮的TC降低了90.43 g/kg,TN增加了1.85 g/kg,C/N降低到13.46,GI升高到73.98%,这都说明麸皮作为填充剂混合蓝藻堆肥的效果较好;添加复合微生物菌剂后,处理组稻壳(60.98%)、处理组麸皮(73.67%)的GI分别比相应的对照组升高了11.02、19.84个百分点,这说明复合微生物菌剂对蓝藻堆肥有促进作用。     

拟建永定桥水库坝址区环境保护研究

修建水库可以蓄水,防洪,对库区附近的工农业生产与人民生活带来便利,而水库水质的好坏是影响周边居民生活用水的关键。在形成库区后水动力条件的改变以及库区库水向周围地质体内渗入,会引起周围生态地质环境的变化,并对水质产生影响。文章提出在流沙河周边山地设立水源地保护带的概念。水源地保护带是指围绕坝址区设置的降低沉积物,污染物和养分进入水文敏感生态系统的重要保护地带。设立该带在于防止此带内或带外地下水出现污染,以保证未来良好水质的持续供水。     

东南大陆火山构造与矿产时、空关系——火山成矿作用配置模式

火山成因矿产是火山活动特定阶段产物,本文通过对火山机构发展演化阶段所发生的成矿作用和区域内主要金属、非金属矿产在火山机构中赋存部位的归纳,建立了火山成矿作用配置模式.     

内循环(IC)厌氧反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的研究

糖蜜酒精废水由于含有高浓度的COD和硫酸盐,一般厌氧反应器无法有效处理.研究了IC反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的效果.考察其COD及硫酸盐的去除率、沼气的产量和组分等.结果表明,反应器对于COD为5000～10 000 mg/L的中、高浓度废水去除效果良好,当COD在20 000～30 000 mg/L时,在适应了1～2个停留时间后,去除效果达到稳定,去除率在90%左右.实验中最高容积负荷提升至40 kg COD/m3·d左右.本研究中所用的糖蜜酒精废水的COD/SO24-的平均值为61.9,未对反应器的处理效果及产气量产生影响.     

Enhanced bioaccumulation of pentachlorophenol in carp in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The impact of suspended particles on the bioavailability of pollutants has long been a controversial topic. In this study, adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) onto a natural suspended particulate matter (SPM) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was studied. Facilitated transports of PCP into carp by SPM and MWCNTs were evaluated by bioaccumulation tests exposing carp (Carassius auratus red var.) to PCP-contaminated water in the presence of SPM and MWCNTs, respectively. Desorption of PCP on SPM and MWCNTs in simulated digested fluids was also investigated. The results demonstrate that MWCNTs (K _F?=?7.99?×?10⁴) had a significantly stronger adsorption capacity for PCP than the SPM (K _F?=?19.0). The presence of SPM and MWCNTs both improved PCP accumulation in the carp during the 21 days of exposure, and the 21 days PCP concentration in the carp was enhanced by 25.9 and 12.8 % than that without particles, respectively. The enhancement in bioaccumulation by MWCNTs was less than that by the SPM. Considerably more PCP was accumulated in the viscera of the fish (BCF?=?519495 for SPM and 148955 for MWCNTs), and the difference in PCP concentrations between different tissues became greater with particles. PCP desorption in the simulated digestive fluids was faster than that in the background solution. Compared to MWCNTs-bound PCP, more SPM-bound PCP was desorbed, and K _F of desorption for SPM was at least 4 orders of magnitude higher than that for MWCNTs, which can explain the greater enhancement in bioaccumulation in the presence of SPM. Particle-bound pollutants might pose more risk than pollutants alone.     

海洋污损灾害应急监测调度指挥辅助系统研究

为解决我国海洋污损灾害应急监测技术应用单一、水平参差不齐、监测队伍缺少优化调度等问题,基于我国现阶段海洋污损灾害的管理模式和应急监测技术水平与力量,梳理并优化应急监测业务流程,将海洋污损灾害高发海域的水动力实时模拟、污染物扩散与溯源的动态模拟预测、应急监测的启动判别指标体系、监测范围指引模式、监测方案自动生成、监测信息实时编报等技术集成整合,构建海洋污损灾害应急监测调度指挥辅助系统,其适用性和高效性已在业务化示范和实践应用中得到验证。     

微波/活性炭/双氧水协同降解甲基红废水的研究

对微波/活性炭/双氧水联合降解甲基红染料废水进行了研究。考察了活性炭量、双氧水量、甲基红初始浓度、微波功率、pH以及处理时间等因素对甲基红降解效果的影响。结果表明,对于100 mL 100 mg/L甲基红溶液,当加入0.5 g活性炭,1 mL 30%H₂O₂,调节微波功率至680 W,反应25 min后,甲基红降解率达到81.87%。通过对比试验,发现微波、活性炭及双氧水对甲基红的降解起协同作用。