诱导排烟系统应用于地下车库的实验研究

运用实验研究的方法分析了诱导排烟系统在地下车库中应用的可行性,研究了布置方式、诱导风速等敏感参数对排烟效果的影响,主要分析了火源上游不同位置处温度的变化。结果表明,诱导排烟系统能有效地抑制烟气向上游的逆流并能加强烟气的热对流,降低上游烟气的温度;另外,开启少于均匀布置诱导风机数目下,菱形布置诱导风机下的排烟效果优于均匀排列布置;在实验风速范围内,诱导排烟系统对上游烟气的控制和降温能力随着诱导风速的增加而提高,同时,在火源功率一定的条件下,增大诱导风速对控烟效果的改善存在临界值。     

东北地区植被时空演变及影响因素分析

基于2000~2020年MODIS NDVI遥感数据,辅以气象数据和土地利用数据,通过小波分析、Sen+Mann-Kendall趋势分析、Hurst指数、偏相关分析及残差分析法,以不同地形地貌为单元,对不同周期阶段下东北地区植被时空演变特征及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应机制进行深入解析.结果表明:时间上,21a间东北地区植被NDVI呈速率为0.0308/10a(P<0.001)的上升趋势,以16a第一主周期下10a左右的周期变化最为稳定;空间上,东北地区植被NDVI整体处于较高水平,但空间分异明显,呈“西南低东北高”的格局.各周期阶段均为NDVI改善面积大于退化面积且改善范围不断扩增.NDVI未来变化趋势主旋律为持续改善,占总面积的63.56%;响应机制上,东北地区植被NDVI受气候变化与人类活动共同影响.2000~2020年NDVI与气温、降水和相对湿度呈正相关,与日照时数呈负相关,其中降水对NDVI的影响作用最强,且随周期演替以降水为主导气候因子的面积显著递增.各周期阶段人类活动对NDVI变化均以正向促进为主,林业工程实施是植被状况改善的关键,而建设用地扩张是植被减少的主要原因.     

新烟碱类杀虫剂污染特征及其毒性效应

综述了新烟碱类杀虫剂在土壤、水体和大气中的赋存现状及其对无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和人类的毒性效应.新烟碱类杀虫剂普遍存在于多介质环境中,特别在农业种植区具有较高的残留浓度.新烟碱类杀虫剂对非靶标动物的影响主要表现在氧化应激、抑制活动能力、损伤DNA和生育功能;亦会对人类的生育、生殖、神经以及脏器功能带来风险.因此,今后亟需系统研究新烟碱类杀虫剂在多环境介质中的赋存及污染状况,深入探讨新烟碱类杀虫剂对非靶标生物的健康危害,以便全面了解此类杀虫剂对生态环境及非靶标生物造成的潜在风险.     

北京市大兴区道路积尘年际变化特征及管控研究

为探究长时间跨度的道路积尘变化特征,于2019~2020年对北京市大兴区内主要道路进行尘负荷检测,并于2020年四季收集道路PM₁₀和PM_2.5积尘样品,分析化学组分,建立成分谱.结果表明,2019年和2020年大兴区道路尘负荷年均值分别为1.05g/m²和0.74g/m²,2020年大兴区道路尘负荷较2019年下降29.5%.2019年道路尘负荷热点聚集区分散,大兴区内道路尘负荷高值区较多,2020年热点区集中出现在西北部,冷点区集中在东部区域.2020年大兴区道路扬尘排放因子低于2019年,大部分乡镇/街道中,2020年的扬尘排放因子和排放量低于2019年,呈现出东南部 > 中部 > 西北部的趋势.2020年大兴区道路扬尘排放量低于2019年,大兴区南部和西北部乡镇/街道内的扬尘排放量大于中部.受建筑施工活动影响.2020年大兴区道路PM₁₀和PM_2.5积尘化学组分中以土壤风沙和建筑施工活动相关的元素为主,Ca、Mg、Si、Al元素分别共占比39.39%和41.71%.对大兴区道路尘负荷进行针对性管控,首先需要对运输车辆进行及时冲洗,降低轮胎的尘土夹带量.其次应加强工地出口至附近1km的道路清扫保洁频次,将工地出口处道路尘负荷对周边道路的辐射影响降低.     

Enhanced nitrogen removal upon the addition of volatile fatty acids from activated sludge by combining calcium peroxide and low-thermal pretreatments

This study investigated a combined low-thermal and CaO₂ pretreatment to enhance the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS). The fermentative product was added to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an external carbon source to enhance nitrogen removal. The results showed that the combined pretreatment improved WAS solubilization, releasing more biodegradable substrates, such as proteins and polysaccharides, from TB-EPS to LB-EPS and S-EPS. The maximum VFA production of 3529 ± 188 mg COD/L was obtained in the combined pretreatment (0.2 g CaO₂/g VS + 70 °C for 60 min), which was 2.1 and 1.4-fold of that obtained from the sole low-thermal pretreatment and the control test, respectively. Consequently, when the fermentative liquid was added as an external denitrification carbon source, the effluent total nitrogen decreased to Class A of the discharge standard for pollutants in rural wastewater treatment plants in most areas of China.     

Fine particle-bound PAHs derivatives at mountain background site (Mount Tai) of the North China: Concentration, source diagnosis and health risk assessment

Ten nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nPAHs) and 4 oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oPAHs) in fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) samples from Mount Tai were analyzed during summer (June to August), 2015. During the observation campaign, the mean concentration of total nPAHs and oPAHs was 31.62 pg/m³ and 0.15 ng/m³, respectively. Two of the monitored compounds, namely 9-nitro-anthracene (9N-ANT) (6.86 pg/m³) and 9-fluorenone (9FO) (0.05 ng/m³) were the predominant compounds of nPAHs and oPAHs, respectively. The potential source and long-range transportation of nPAHs and oPAHs were investigated by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) methods. The results revealed that biomass/coal burning, gasoline vehicle emission, diesel vehicle emission and secondary formation were the dominant sources of nPAHs and oPAHs, which were mainly from Henan province and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Bohai sea. The incremental life cancer risk (ILCR) values were calculated to evaluate the exposure risk of nPAHs and oPAHs for three group people (infant, children and adult), and the values of ILCR were 7.02 × 10^?10, 3.49 × 10^?9 and 1.41 × 10^?8 for infant, children and adults, respectively. All these values were lower than the standard of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (<10^?6), indicating acceptable health risk of nPAHs and oPAHs.     

油田井口加热炉烟尘排放超标原因分析及治理方法

针对井口加热炉燃用套管气出现的烟尘排放超标问题,从燃烧方式及燃料组成方面分析发现,加热炉所采用的扩散式燃烧,火焰面燃料侧缺少氧气,燃料产生热分解生成炭黑颗粒;另外,套管气含有大量的重碳烷烃,其稳定性差、分解温度低,加剧了热分解反应。因此,控制套管气质量和改变燃烧方式是治理烟尘排放超标的基本途径。但是井口加装轻烃回收装置,分离出套管气中的重碳烷烃,成本高不可行。最终,基于预混燃烧理论,设计了双调风预混燃烧装置,现场实施结果表明,不仅烟尘排放降低了87.8%,而且NOx排放降低了58.6%、热效率提升了8.2%。实践证明,预混燃烧是治理井口加热炉烟尘排放超标的有效方法。     

Effects of ambient temperature on outpatient visits for dermatitis in Xinxiang,China: a time-series analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies have reported regional variations in the relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis, which therefore remain...     

Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between short-term exposure to ambient carbon monoxide and non-accidental,cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although a growing number of original epidemiological studies imply a link between ambient pollution exposure and mortality risk, the findings...     

Generation estimation and material flow analysis of retired mobile phones in China

The generation estimation of retired mobile phones is launched with the sales and new method using the revised sales data and amount of the subscribers. Several assumptions have been made due to the insufficient sources of the data. The sales data of legal mobile phones are calculated with the authoritative and continuous official data. The sales data of smuggled and counterfeit mobile phones in China are also estimated based on the behavior data collected from the questionnaires. The results of generation estimation show that there are 636.52 million mobile phones retired in 2020, compared with 14.44 million in 1999 and several negative values in 2000, 2001, and 2008. The annual total mass of retired mobile phones in China escalated with the contributions of both the increasing generation amount and constant mass of the single unit. There are 50,921.60 ton of mobile phones retired in 2020 compared with 1155.20 ton in 1999, while the peak is 58,131.20 ton in 2019. There are 26,066.80 ton of retired mobile phones are stockpiled in 2020, while 16,152.40 ton and 8702.40 ton of retired mobile phones are reused as a whole unit and recycled, respectively. In the retired mobile phones that are recycled, 4600.50 ton material is recovered and 1216.50 ton components are reused, while 2885.40 ton residues need final disposal. The amount and dynamic characteristics of metals in the retired mobile phones are also calculated. Based on the results, several policy implications are made to improve sustainable management system of retired mobile phones in China.