齐齐哈尔市中心城区供热锅炉污染控制研究

分析了齐齐哈尔市中心城区供热锅炉存在的环境问题,结合国务院《大气污染防治行动计划》和即将发布的《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》,提出了供热锅炉污染控制措施。     

气相色谱-质谱测定土壤样品中有机磷农药

利用索氏提取器或加速溶剂萃取装置对土壤样品中的有机磷农药进行提取,经旋转蒸发浓缩至一定体积后,用小柱净化或者凝胶渗透色谱法净化,再经氮吹浓缩后,用气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)进行定性定量分析.39种有机磷农药的回收率基本都在70％ ～ 130％,相对标准偏差小于10％,检出限为0.089 4 mg/kg ～0.693 mg/kg.经实验证明,该方法是一种快速、准确、灵敏度高且同时能满足检测土壤中多种有机磷农药残留的检测方法.     

Application of Bacillus subtilis strain for microbial-enhanced oil recovery

In order to improve the oil recovery, injection of exogenous bacteria into the oil reservoir is one of the most widely used microbial flooding methods. In this study, a screened strain of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) was introduced to perform the microbial flooding. The biosurfactants produced by B. subtilis was one kind of cyclic lipopeptides, which could reduce the surface tension of the culture solution from 68 mN/m to 25 mN/m and also decrease the interfacial tension of water/oil from 25.6 to 4.6 mN/m. Emulsification tests indicated that the strain and the biosurfactants could degrade and emulsify the crude oil. In the oil displacement experiments, oil recovery was increased by 32.4% by injecting fermentation broth into the simulated formation. By respectively performing the emulsification and oil displacement tests, it was demonstrated that the biosurfactants and degradation of the microbes in the heavy components of the crude oil are the main factors to enhance the oil recovery. Besides, the optimal cultural temperature for strain of B. subtilis was set as 40°C. Nevertheless, the strain was inappropriate for the oil displacement under acidic conditions. In addition, the hydrophilic sands and an optimal culture solution volume of 0.7 pore volume (PV) would be in favor of the oil recovery. It was further confirmed that the efficiency of microbial flooding was much higher than that of the chemical oil displacement.     

Processing and Thermal Behaviors of Poly (Butylene Succinate) Blends with Highly-Filled Starch and Glycerol

Fully-biodegradable and highly-filled thermoplastic starch plasticized with glycerol (GTPS)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) blends were prepared by Haake Mixer. Processing properties, thermal behaviors including melting and crystallization behavior, crystal structure, and compatibility of the blends were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffractometer (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The maximum and equilibrium torques decreased with the rising of glycerol contents and the dropping of PBS contents. GTPS30/PBS blends exhibited double melting endothermic peaks in the DSC thermograms, which related to the crystallization behavior and compatibility of the blends, but no double peaks for GTPS40/PBS. The addition of starch and glycerol could lead to higher crystallinity and lower crystallization rate of PBS, but would not change the crystal types and crystallite sizes of PBS according to DSC and WAXD analysis. SEM and DMA results gave the evidence to confirm the better compatibility of GTPS40/PBS. Besides, higher storage modulus in glassy state of GTPS/PBS blends than PBS could be seen from DMA analysis, which was the contrary in rubbery state.     

北京密怀顺地区地下水污染风险评价方法探究

地下水污染风险评价通常由地下水污染荷载评价与固有脆弱性评价叠加得到,但叠加方法众多,且缺乏各个方法之间的对比验证.本研究选取北京密怀顺地区作为示例,利用GIS平台进行构图表征,对比了相加法、矩阵法和计算法3种地下水污染风险的叠加方法,并利用硝酸盐浓度等级与地下水污染风险评价等级的差值和Spearman等级相关因子两种指标,对以上3种叠加方法所获得的地下水污染风险评价结果进行验证,旨在探究最优的地下水污染风险方法.结果表明,从硝酸盐浓度等级与地下水污染风险评价等级差值为0的区域占比来看,矩阵法(51.12%)相加法(32.29%)计算法(21.71%);从Spearman等级相关因子来看,矩阵法(ρ=93.19%)计算法(ρ=90.33%)相加法(ρ=89.23%).故研究区内地下水污染风险评价采用矩阵法得到的结果更准确、更可行,其评价结果比较真实地反映了北京密怀顺水源地污染风险状况,对城市规划建设和地下水资源的可持续利用具有指导意义.     

氮和磷对铜山源水库优势藻生长影响实验研究

分别研究了N、P等对铜山源水库优势藻类（绿球藻和舟形硅藻）生长的影响。结果表明，当N／P比为25时，绿球藻生长量最高，其限制因子是磷。绿球藻生长最适pH范围为6－8，生长过程中培养基pH没有显著变化。绿球藻和舟形硅藻混合培养时，绿球藻占优，而硅盐浓度对硅藻生长有明显促进作用。     

株洲市霞湾污水处理厂设计

株洲市霞湾污水处理厂是为保护湘江而建的工程，设计规模为10万m^3/d，根据污水水质及排放要求，处理工艺采用了不设初沉池的氧化沟活性污泥法；污泥处理采用了不经消化直接脱水工艺。介绍各处理单元的主要设计参数和所选用设备的技术对参数。     

宁镇地区石炭二叠系界线

将宁镇地区上石炭统船山组Sphaeroschwagerina带与二叠系栖霞组底部碎屑岩段之间的灰黑,深灰色中至厚层石灰岩、炭质石灰岩单独划出,称之为镇江组(新义)。石炭二叠系界线放在船山组Sphaeroschwagerina带之顶,镇江组(新义)之底。     

镍镉电池废镉极板制备碳酸镉的研究

针对镍镉电池生产过程中产生的废泡沫式镉极板 ,提出了一条“溶解 萃取 沉淀”法生产碳酸镉的工艺路线。试验探讨了H2 SO4 溶解活性材料、P2 0 4 萃取Cd、H2 SO4 反萃Cd、Na2 CO3 沉淀Cd的条件