日本治理“温室效应”研究现状

本文介绍了大气“温室效应”的污染现状，世界各国对治理大气“温室效应”的研究计划与进展，着重介绍了治理“温室效应”的最新技术──超高压脉冲电晕放电分解ＣＯ２技术。     

基于模糊专家系统的垃圾焚烧底灰重金属污染风险评价

垃圾焚烧处理技术可以实现城市生活垃圾减量化,但底灰中重金属的存在与迁移转化会形成持续的潜在风险。针对重金属Cu、Cr、Pb和Cr对环境的潜在风险进行分析,将模糊专家系统引入潜在生态风险指数法中。首先将重金属的富集系数作为输入,然后应用知识库和推理机制来实现重金属对环境危害快速、不确定信息的准确推理,最后对城市生活垃圾焚烧底灰中重金属对环境的潜在风险进行评价。实验结果验证,该方法能够更快速、准确地做出适当的决定,为底灰的安全处置和再利用提供理论基础。     

铅离子印迹电化学传感器的制备及检测性能研究

重金属因其具有高毒性、致癌性和潜在的生物积累性，引发的环境问题受到广泛关注。为精确监测环境中的重金属污染，结合电化学分析和离子印迹技术的优势，构筑了对铅离子的高灵敏电化学传感器。利用铅离子作为模板，采用3-（γ-氨基乙氨基）-丙基-三甲基硅烷作为功能单体，在介孔硅表面，通过共缩聚法制备了离子印迹聚合物，并将其作为电化学传感器的核心识别元件。经过优化碳糊电极的组成，制备了一系列高选择性的离子印迹电化学传感器，并对其电化学行为进行了分析。测试结果表明，所制传感器对铅离子的检测线性范围为10^-9～10^-6 mol/L，且检出限达到1.3×10^-11mol/L（信噪比=3）。在对河水和大米等实际样品的检测中，传感器展现了高灵敏性（相对标准偏差为2.5%～7.4%）和高准确性（回收率为98.8%～102.9%），表明其在环境监测和食品安全检测方面具有应用潜力。     

氯氟烃替代物的开发研究进展

重点介绍了近年来国内外对氯氟烃替代物的研究开发动向，并简要地介绍了主要替代物的性能及应用情况。     

苏丹红Ⅰ对小鼠卵巢的损伤作用及对Caspase-3和Ki-67表达的影响

苏丹红是一种人工合成偶氮染料,可引起肝脏及泌尿系统等多个脏器的肿瘤,但苏丹红对生殖系统的毒性研究较少.本研究以昆明小鼠为受试对象,探讨苏丹红Ⅰ对小鼠卵巢组织Caspase-3和Ki-67表达的影响.将24只昆明小鼠随机分为:对照组、低剂量(60 mg· kg-1)、中剂量(120 mg·kg-1)、高剂量(240 mg· kg-1)4组,6只/组.胃灌4周,4周末处死.HE染色观察各组卵巢组织病理变化,免疫组化法检测卵巢组织Caspase-3和Ki-67表达,Real time PCR检测卵巢组织Caspase-3和Ki-67 mRNA表达,Western blotting检测卵巢组织中Ki-67及Caspase-3蛋白表达.与对照组比较,实验组卵巢中Caspase-3阳性细胞率显著升高(Jp＜O.05),而Ki-67阳性细胞率显著降低(P＜0.05),Real time PCR及Western blotting结果与免疫组化法结果一致.本实验发现苏丹红染毒后颗粒细胞的Caspase-3表达增加,且Caspase-3表达呈剂量依赖性,但Ki-67表达受到抑制.     

防护装备检测实验室仪器设备的管理

本文阐述了防护装备检测实验室仪器设备的管理程序,从仪器设备配置策划、流转管理、维护和保养等方面进行详细论述,提出仪器设备管理的建议及思路.     

Advances in air pollution control for key industries in China during the 13th five-year plan

Industrial development is an essential foundation of the national economy, but the industry is also the largest source of air pollution, of which power plants, iron and steel, building materials, and other industries emit large amounts of pollutants. Therefore, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of stringent emission regulations, and it is against this backdrop that research into air pollution control technologies for key industrial sectors is in full swing. In particular, during the 13th Five-Year Plan, breakthroughs have been made in pollution control technology for key industrial sectors. A multi-pollutant treatment technology system of desulfurization, denitrification, and dust collection, which applies to key industries such as power plants, steel, and building materials, has been developed. High-performance materials for the treatment of different pollutants, such as denitrification catalysts and desulfurization absorbers, were developed. At the same time, multi-pollutant synergistic removal technologies for flue gas in various industries have also become a hot research topic, with important breakthroughs in the synergistic removal of NO_x, SO_x, and Hg. Due to the increasingly stringent emission standards and regulations in China, there is still a need to work on the development of multi-pollutant synergistic technologies and further research and development of synergistic abatement technologies for CO₂ to meet the requirements of ultra-low emissions in industrial sectors.     

塔里木河中游地下水化学变化及其影响因素

通过对塔里木河中游输水堤防修建后,沙子河口、乌斯满和阿其河口三个断面地下水化学特征自2001年至2005年的时空变化的监测与分析,初步揭示了在输水堤防影响下地下水化学特征变化的初步规律,结果表明,在空间上,沙子河断面地下水中离子含量距离堤防近处高,远处低,与正常状况下距离河道越远含量越低的规律相反,乌斯满断面,地下水化学变化规律受输水堤防的影响不十分明显,但地表积盐严重,阿其河断面,则呈现复杂的变化;在时间上,丰枯期地下水化学特征的正常变化规律在沙子河被彻底改变,在乌斯满和阿其河呈现出复杂变化.各化学组分含量在沙子河断面和乌斯满、阿其河断面的含量及其变化特点与断面间的环境条件的差异显著相关,沙子河断面自堤防修建后就没有地表水经过,而设有生态闸的乌斯满和阿其河断面的一定范围内在丰水期还有地表过水.地下水矿化度及各主要离子含量受地下水埋深的影响极为显著,都随着地下水埋深的增加而上升.     

Progress, Challenges and Prospects of Eco-Hydrological Studies in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang, China

Eco-hydrological research in arid inland river basins has been a focus of geologists and ecologists as it is crucial for maintaining the sustainable development of socio-economy, particularly in ecologically vulnerable areas. Based on the research work carried out in the Tarim River basin of Xinjiang, northwestern China, this paper summarizes synthetically the climate change and associated responses of water resources in the mountainous area, land use and land cover in the oasis, and plants responding to environmental stresses in the desert area of the river basin. Research gaps, challenges, and future perspectives in the eco-hydrological studies of the Tarim River basin are also discussed.     

漕桥河区域水环境质量现状分析

介绍了漕桥河区域水系概况、武宜运河、太涡运河与漕桥河的水流关系;对漕桥河全线6个例行监测断面、武宜运河钟溪大桥断面、太涡运河分水新桥断面及漕桥河沿线37个支浜的水环境质量现状进行了详细介绍,得出漕桥河及周围河网以氮磷污染为主、两岸河浜的汇水使漕桥河水质下降、武宜运河来水影响漕桥河上游水质、太涡运河来水影响漕桥河下游水质的主要结论,为漕桥河的水环境综合整治奠定了基础,也为其它入湖河流水环境综合整治规划的章节编制提供一定参考。