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61.
Heavy metal pollution in orchard soils is of increasing concern owing to the potential health risk via the food chain. The evaluations of the degree of heavy metal contamination and the potential sources in soils from navel orange orchards in the Ganzhou district were investigated in the present study with the geoaccumulation index and hierarchical cluster analysis. The soil samples were collected from 280 navel orange orchards located in the 18 counties of the Ganzhou district. The concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were determined using atomic fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with sample preparation by microwave digestion system. The results of the geoaccumulation index showed that the Ganzhou navel orange orchards were practically uncontaminated with Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Cu, while uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with Ni. The results of cluster analysis indicated that four distinct clusters emerged for 18 sampling counties, and the considerable differences between clusters were derived from the different kinds of polluted substances. Results of the assessment of geoaccumulation index of heavy metals in soils will be helpful for the formulation of strategic sustainable agriculture in Ganzhou navel orchards and improvement of the navel orange yield and quality. 相似文献
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WU Lin FENG Yinchang WU Jianhui ZHU Tan BI Xiaohui HAN Bo YANG Weihong YANG Zhiqiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1353-1362
During 2005, the filter samples of ambient PM10 from five sites and the source samples of particulate matter were collected in Kaifeng, Henan Province of China. Nineteen elements, water-soluble ions, total carbon (TC) and organic carbon (OC) contained in samples were analyzed. Seven contributive source types were identified and their contributions to ambient PM10 were estimated by chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. Weak associations between the concentrations of organic carbon and element carbon (EC) were observed during the sampling periods, indicating that there was secondary organic aerosol pollution in the urban atmosphere. An indirect method of “OC/EC minimum ratio” was applied to estimate the concentration of secondary organic carbon (SOC). The results showed that SOC contributed 26.2%, 32.4% and 18.0% of TC in spring, summer-fall and winter, respectively, and the annual average SOC concentration was 7.07 μg/m3, accounting for 5.73% of the total mass in ambient PM10. The carbon species concentrations in ambient PM10 were recalculated by subtracting SOC concentrations from measured concentrations of TC and OC to increase the compatibility of source and receptor measurements for CMB model. 相似文献
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利用高分辨半导体能谱分析方法分析了新疆塔克什肯口岸土壤天然放射性核素铀238、镭226、钍232、钾40和人工放射性核素铯137的含量,共选取8个采样点16个土壤样品及4个煤炭及废旧金属样点。结果表明:进口货物道路各采样点其铀238、钾40及铯137均比非进口货物道路各点高,镭226、钍232含量则相反,而煤炭和废金属的各样品的铀238、镭226、钍232、钾40都高于进出口道路和非进口道路,Cs137则相反,表明进口煤炭和非金属对天然放射性核素产生了较大影响,而对人工放射性核素影响较小。和新疆及全国背景值比,进口道路和非进口道路土壤中各放射性核素含量均未超过天然本底值范围,进口煤炭和废金属虽然各放射性核素含量则略高于背景值,表明试验点没有受到放射性污染,对当地居民和进出境人员不会产生辐射伤害。 相似文献
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采用GC-MS对某垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的有机物成分进行检测分析。结果表明:渗滤液中至少含有50种有机污染物,相对含量最高的有机污染物是尼古丁和3-甲酚。研究真空度、蒸发温度和pH值对渗滤液蒸发过程中冷凝液的COD、TOC和氨氮浓度的影响,并对冷凝液进行有机物成分检测,结果表明:蒸发速率和冷凝液COD值均随蒸发温度和真空度的增加呈增加趋势,蒸发温度和真空度对冷凝液TOC值影响不大,随蒸发温度升高冷凝液中氨氮含量整体呈下降趋势;在蒸发温度60~120℃范围内,冷凝液的有机物成分以烷烃类有机物和尼古丁为主;烷烃类有机物的析出仅与蒸发温度有关,苯酚类有机物的析出与真空度和蒸发温度均有关;在酸性条件下蒸发冷凝液的COD值和TOC值均远大于在中性和碱性条件下的数值,但氨氮含量相反;酸性条件下冷凝液有机物成分主要为有机酸和烷烃类有机物。 相似文献
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宁夏典农河是黄河宁夏段的主要入黄排水沟之一,其水质状况对黄河宁夏-内蒙古段跨省流域水质安全至关重要。选取典农河2011—2020年10个监测点位的16项水质参数,采用综合污染指数(WPI)法,结合相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等分析方法,综合分析该流域水污染特征,并对污染程度进行评估,对污染因子和污染原因进行解析,最终提出管控建议。研究结果表明:2011—2020年,影响典农河水质的主要污染因子为CODCr、NH3-N、TP、TN,对应的年均浓度范围分别为22.3~71.5、0.64~9.09、0.173~0.662、2.89~21.52 mg/L,超标率分别为46%、8%、13%、85%。典农河2011—2020年WPI范围为0.59~1.74,重金属含量一直维持在较低水平。流域TN与TP年均浓度比值范围为20~84,整体呈下降趋势,且各监测点的差异性逐渐减小;BOD5与CODCr浓度比值范围为0.02~0.19,反映出典农河流域水体可生化性较差。各监测断面污染物之间存在较强相关性,其中:流域C... 相似文献
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Wusi Yue Charles Meneveau Marc B. Parlange Weihong Zhu Hyung Suk Kang Joseph Katz 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2008,8(1):73-95
A comparative study of turbulence in a wind-tunnel model canopy is performed, using Large eddy simulation (LES) and experimental
data from PIV and hot-wire anemometry measurements. The model canopy is composed of thin cylindrical stalks. In the LES, these
are represented using a plant-scale approach, while the scale-dependent Lagrangian dynamic model is used as subgrid-scale
model. LES predictions of turbulence statistics and energy spectra are found to be in good agreement with the experimental
data. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budgets from the LES simulation are analyzed to provide more information absent in the
measurements. Results confirm that sloshing motions at the low levels of the canopy are mainly driven by pressure fluctuations.
A difference between the energy flux obtained from the energy spectrum and the SGS dissipation rate is observed, consistent
with a spectral bypass mechanism in which the real spectral flux due to cascade is smaller than that implied by the energy-spectrum
level, due to direct drain by the canopy. 相似文献
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